Luther and the Protestant Reformation - AP European History
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Which sacraments did Luther retain in his teachings?
Which sacraments did Luther retain in his teachings?
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Baptism and Eucharist. Luther reduced seven Catholic sacraments to only these two.
Baptism and Eucharist. Luther reduced seven Catholic sacraments to only these two.
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Which reformer is associated with the concept of predestination?
Which reformer is associated with the concept of predestination?
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John Calvin. Geneva reformer who taught that salvation was predetermined by God.
John Calvin. Geneva reformer who taught that salvation was predetermined by God.
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What was the main purpose of the Council of Trent (1545–1563)?
What was the main purpose of the Council of Trent (1545–1563)?
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Address Protestant challenges. Catholic council that reaffirmed traditional teachings against Protestant reforms.
Address Protestant challenges. Catholic council that reaffirmed traditional teachings against Protestant reforms.
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Which religious order was founded to combat Protestantism?
Which religious order was founded to combat Protestantism?
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Jesuits. Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola for missionary work.
Jesuits. Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola for missionary work.
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Which German prince protected Luther after the Diet of Worms?
Which German prince protected Luther after the Diet of Worms?
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Frederick the Wise. Elector of Saxony who sheltered Luther at Wartburg Castle.
Frederick the Wise. Elector of Saxony who sheltered Luther at Wartburg Castle.
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What is the term for Luther's doctrine that one is saved through faith alone?
What is the term for Luther's doctrine that one is saved through faith alone?
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Sola fide. Latin term for Luther's core belief in salvation by faith alone.
Sola fide. Latin term for Luther's core belief in salvation by faith alone.
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Which city was the center of Martin Luther's activities?
Which city was the center of Martin Luther's activities?
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Wittenberg. German university town where Luther taught and began the Reformation.
Wittenberg. German university town where Luther taught and began the Reformation.
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What was the primary language of Luther's Bible translation?
What was the primary language of Luther's Bible translation?
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German. Luther translated Scripture into vernacular German for common people.
German. Luther translated Scripture into vernacular German for common people.
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What was Luther's view on the role of the clergy?
What was Luther's view on the role of the clergy?
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Priesthood of all believers. Luther taught that all Christians have direct access to God.
Priesthood of all believers. Luther taught that all Christians have direct access to God.
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Which practice did Luther criticize as corrupt and exploitative?
Which practice did Luther criticize as corrupt and exploitative?
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Indulgences. Luther condemned the payment system for reducing punishment for sins.
Indulgences. Luther condemned the payment system for reducing punishment for sins.
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What was the role of the printing press in the Reformation?
What was the role of the printing press in the Reformation?
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Dissemination of ideas. Technology enabled mass production and distribution of Reformation literature.
Dissemination of ideas. Technology enabled mass production and distribution of Reformation literature.
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What was Luther's stance on the veneration of saints?
What was Luther's stance on the veneration of saints?
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Opposed. Luther rejected saint worship as unbiblical and idolatrous.
Opposed. Luther rejected saint worship as unbiblical and idolatrous.
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What practice did Luther strongly oppose, involving the remission of sins for money?
What practice did Luther strongly oppose, involving the remission of sins for money?
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Sale of indulgences. Paying money to reduce punishment for sins, which Luther condemned.
Sale of indulgences. Paying money to reduce punishment for sins, which Luther condemned.
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Which religious text did Luther translate into German?
Which religious text did Luther translate into German?
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The Bible. Luther's German translation made Scripture accessible to common people.
The Bible. Luther's German translation made Scripture accessible to common people.
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What economic class primarily supported the Reformation in its early stages?
What economic class primarily supported the Reformation in its early stages?
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Middle class. Burghers and merchants supported reform for economic and religious reasons.
Middle class. Burghers and merchants supported reform for economic and religious reasons.
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Which sacraments did Luther retain in his teachings?
Which sacraments did Luther retain in his teachings?
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Baptism and Eucharist. Luther reduced seven Catholic sacraments to only these two.
Baptism and Eucharist. Luther reduced seven Catholic sacraments to only these two.
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Identify the key theological disagreement between Luther and the Catholic Church.
Identify the key theological disagreement between Luther and the Catholic Church.
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Justification by faith versus works. Luther emphasized grace through faith, not good deeds for salvation.
Justification by faith versus works. Luther emphasized grace through faith, not good deeds for salvation.
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What was the primary theological principle of Martin Luther's Reformation?
What was the primary theological principle of Martin Luther's Reformation?
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Justification by faith alone. Core Lutheran doctrine emphasizing salvation through faith rather than works.
Justification by faith alone. Core Lutheran doctrine emphasizing salvation through faith rather than works.
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Identify the document Martin Luther nailed to the church door in 1517.
Identify the document Martin Luther nailed to the church door in 1517.
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Ninety-Five Theses. Luther's 95 points challenging Catholic practices, especially indulgences.
Ninety-Five Theses. Luther's 95 points challenging Catholic practices, especially indulgences.
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Which invention significantly aided the spread of Reformation ideas?
Which invention significantly aided the spread of Reformation ideas?
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Printing press. Enabled rapid spread of Reformation texts and ideas across Europe.
Printing press. Enabled rapid spread of Reformation texts and ideas across Europe.
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What was the language of the Bible before Luther's translation into German?
What was the language of the Bible before Luther's translation into German?
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Latin. Catholic Church used Latin for liturgy and Scripture before vernacular translations.
Latin. Catholic Church used Latin for liturgy and Scripture before vernacular translations.
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What was the outcome of the Diet of Worms in 1521 for Martin Luther?
What was the outcome of the Diet of Worms in 1521 for Martin Luther?
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Excommunication. Luther was declared a heretic and banned from the Holy Roman Empire.
Excommunication. Luther was declared a heretic and banned from the Holy Roman Empire.
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Which Holy Roman Emperor presided over the Diet of Worms?
Which Holy Roman Emperor presided over the Diet of Worms?
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Charles V. Holy Roman Emperor who condemned Luther at the Diet of Worms in 1521.
Charles V. Holy Roman Emperor who condemned Luther at the Diet of Worms in 1521.
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What term describes the sale of church positions and indulgences?
What term describes the sale of church positions and indulgences?
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Simony. Corrupt practice of buying and selling church offices for profit.
Simony. Corrupt practice of buying and selling church offices for profit.
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What did Luther argue was the sole source of religious authority?
What did Luther argue was the sole source of religious authority?
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Scripture. Luther rejected papal and church authority, emphasizing Bible alone.
Scripture. Luther rejected papal and church authority, emphasizing Bible alone.
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Identify the 1555 agreement that allowed princes to choose their territory's religion.
Identify the 1555 agreement that allowed princes to choose their territory's religion.
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Peace of Augsburg. Established cuius regio, eius religio principle in the Holy Roman Empire.
Peace of Augsburg. Established cuius regio, eius religio principle in the Holy Roman Empire.
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What was the primary goal of the Counter-Reformation?
What was the primary goal of the Counter-Reformation?
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Reform the Catholic Church. Catholic response to address Protestant criticisms and clarify doctrine.
Reform the Catholic Church. Catholic response to address Protestant criticisms and clarify doctrine.
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What practice did Luther strongly oppose, involving the remission of sins for money?
What practice did Luther strongly oppose, involving the remission of sins for money?
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Sale of indulgences. Paying money to reduce punishment for sins, which Luther condemned.
Sale of indulgences. Paying money to reduce punishment for sins, which Luther condemned.
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What was Luther's stance on the veneration of saints?
What was Luther's stance on the veneration of saints?
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Opposed. Luther rejected saint worship as unbiblical and idolatrous.
Opposed. Luther rejected saint worship as unbiblical and idolatrous.
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Identify the term for the belief in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.
Identify the term for the belief in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.
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Transubstantiation. Catholic doctrine that bread and wine become Christ's actual body and blood.
Transubstantiation. Catholic doctrine that bread and wine become Christ's actual body and blood.
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