All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What was the primary aim of the Schuman Plan (1950)?
Answer: To create the European Coal and Steel Community. First step toward European economic integration after WWII.
Flashcard 2: What was the primary goal of the Marshall Plan (1948)?
Answer: To rebuild European economies post-WWII. US economic aid strengthening Western Europe against communism.
Flashcard 3: What was the main goal of the Maastricht Treaty (1992)?
Answer: To create the European Union and establish a single currency. Deepened integration beyond economic cooperation to political union.
Flashcard 4: What was the Edict of Nantes (1598) intended to achieve?
Answer: It granted religious tolerance to Huguenots in France. Henry IV's compromise to end French Wars of Religion.
Flashcard 5: Which institution was established by the Treaty of Rome (1957)?
Answer: The European Economic Community (EEC). Foundation for European economic integration and common market.
Flashcard 6: Which institution was established by the Maastricht Treaty (1992)?
Answer: The European Union (EU). Created common currency and deeper political integration.
Flashcard 7: Identify a key feature of the Treaty of Nice (2001).
Answer: Reformed EU institutions to accommodate enlargement. Prepared EU institutions for eastern enlargement.
Flashcard 8: What was the primary goal of the Marshall Plan (1948)?
Answer: To rebuild European economies post-WWII. US economic aid strengthening Western Europe against communism.
Flashcard 9: What was the aim of Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of Glasnost?
Answer: To increase transparency and freedom of information in the USSR. Policy of openness challenging Soviet authoritarian control.
Flashcard 10: Identify one key outcome of the Peace of Westphalia (1648).
Answer: It ended the Thirty Years' War and recognized state sovereignty. Established principle of cuius regio, eius religio in international law.
Flashcard 11: What policy did the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685) revoke?
Answer: The Edict of Nantes, ending religious tolerance for Huguenots. Louis XIV's persecution renewed religious conflict.
Flashcard 12: Identify a major reform introduced by the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965).
Answer: Modernization of church practices and increased lay participation. Reformed liturgy and emphasized social justice.
Flashcard 13: What was the purpose of the League of Nations (1920)?
Answer: To promote peace and prevent future wars. First international organization for collective security.
Flashcard 14: Which institution was established by the Maastricht Treaty (1992)?
Answer: The European Union (EU). Created common currency and deeper political integration.
Flashcard 15: Identify a major reform introduced by the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965).
Answer: Modernization of church practices and increased lay participation. Reformed liturgy and emphasized social justice.
Flashcard 16: What was the aim of Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of Glasnost?
Answer: To increase transparency and freedom of information in the USSR. Policy of openness challenging Soviet authoritarian control.
Flashcard 17: What was the primary goal of the Concert of Europe (1815-1914)?
Answer: To maintain the balance of power and prevent major conflicts. Great powers collaborated to suppress revolutionary movements.
Flashcard 18: What was the main objective of the Treaty of Paris (1951)?
Answer: To establish the European Coal and Steel Community. Created first European supranational institution.
Flashcard 19: What was the main focus of the Fourth Lateran Council (1215)?
Answer: Church reform and codification of Christian doctrine. Strengthened papal authority and defined religious obligations.
Flashcard 20: What was the significance of the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)?
Answer: Divided the New World between Spain and Portugal. Papal mediation established colonial spheres of influence.
Flashcard 21: What reform did the Third Republic in France (1870-1940) introduce?
Answer: Established a stable republican government. Established parliamentary democracy after Napoleon III's defeat.
Flashcard 22: Identify a key feature of the Treaty of Nice (2001).
Answer: Reformed EU institutions to accommodate enlargement. Prepared EU institutions for eastern enlargement.
Flashcard 23: What was the primary aim of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)?
Answer: To regulate industrial production and prevent war in Europe. Pooled strategic resources to prevent Franco-German conflict.
Flashcard 24: Identify a major reform introduced by the Welfare State in Britain (1945-1951).
Answer: Creation of the National Health Service (NHS). Comprehensive social safety net from cradle to grave.
Flashcard 25: What was the purpose of the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)?
Answer: To renounce war as a means of resolving international disputes. Idealistic attempt at outlawing war through international agreement.
Flashcard 26: What policy did the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685) revoke?
Answer: The Edict of Nantes, ending religious tolerance for Huguenots. Louis XIV's persecution renewed religious conflict.
Flashcard 27: Identify one key outcome of the Peace of Westphalia (1648).
Answer: It ended the Thirty Years' War and recognized state sovereignty. Established principle of cuius regio, eius religio in international law.
Flashcard 28: What was the primary goal of the Council of Trent (1545-1563)?
Answer: To address issues of church reform and clarify Catholic doctrine. Responded to Protestant Reformation challenges with doctrinal clarifications.
Flashcard 29: What was the main purpose of the Glorious Revolution (1688)?
Answer: To replace James II with William and Mary and limit royal power. Bloodless revolution establishing parliamentary supremacy over monarchy.
Flashcard 30: Name a major reform introduced by the Napoleonic Code (1804).
Answer: Standardized laws across France emphasizing civil rights. Influenced legal systems worldwide with secular, uniform principles.