All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Which European power controlled the largest colonial empire in Africa by 1914?
Answer: France. French West and Equatorial Africa covered vast territories.
Flashcard 2: Which Southeast Asian country remained independent during the age of imperialism?
Answer: Siam (Thailand). Skillfully balanced European powers to maintain independence.
Flashcard 3: Who was the British explorer and missionary known for his work in Africa?
Answer: David Livingstone. Famous for exploring central Africa and opposing slave trade.
Flashcard 4: Which event marked the beginning of direct British rule in India?
Answer: The end of the Sepoy Mutiny in 1858. British Crown assumed direct control after Company rule ended.
Flashcard 5: What was the primary purpose of the Monroe Doctrine in the context of imperialism?
Answer: To prevent European interference in the Americas. Warned European powers against colonizing the Western Hemisphere.
Flashcard 6: What was the primary economic motivation for European imperialism in the late 19th century?
Answer: Access to raw materials and new markets. European powers sought colonies to supply cheap resources and buy manufactured goods.
Flashcard 7: Which 1884-1885 conference regulated European colonization of Africa?
Answer: The Berlin Conference. Divided Africa among European powers without African representation.
Flashcard 8: What is the term for the belief that it was Europeans' duty to civilize other parts of the world?
Answer: The White Man's Burden. Racist ideology justifying imperialism as a civilizing mission.
Flashcard 9: Identify the primary geopolitical motivation for British imperialism in Egypt.
Answer: Control of the Suez Canal. Strategic waterway linking Britain to India via Mediterranean and Red Sea.
Flashcard 10: Which country was known as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British Empire?
Answer: India. Britain's most valuable and profitable colony, source of wealth and prestige.
Flashcard 11: What was the main result of the Opium Wars for China?
Answer: Ceded Hong Kong and opened ports to British trade. Forced China to accept unequal treaties after military defeats.
Flashcard 12: Which ideology justified European domination over other nations as a natural process?
Answer: Social Darwinism. Applied evolutionary theory to justify racial hierarchy and imperial dominance.
Flashcard 13: Name the rebellion against British rule in India in 1857.
Answer: The Sepoy Mutiny. Indian soldiers revolted against British cultural and religious interference.
Flashcard 14: Which African region was notably affected by King Leopold II's colonization efforts?
Answer: The Congo Free State. Leopold's brutal exploitation caused millions of deaths for rubber profits.
Flashcard 15: Identify the term for the division and colonization of Africa by European powers.
Answer: The Scramble for Africa. Rapid European conquest and partition of Africa in late 1800s.
Flashcard 16: What term describes a policy of extending a country's power through diplomacy or military force?
Answer: Imperialism. Policy of expanding national power and influence over other territories.
Flashcard 17: Which rebellion was a response to foreign influence in China during the late Qing dynasty?
Answer: The Boxer Rebellion. Anti-foreign uprising against Western influence and Christian missionaries.
Flashcard 18: Which 1899-1902 conflict was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states?
Answer: The Second Boer War. Britain defeated Dutch settlers to control South African gold and diamonds.
Flashcard 19: What was the main effect of the Treaty of Nanking on China?
Answer: Ended the First Opium War and ceded Hong Kong to Britain. First unequal treaty imposing Western terms on China.
Flashcard 20: Which British imperialist is associated with the phrase 'from Cape to Cairo'?
Answer: Cecil Rhodes. British businessman envisioned continuous African empire from north to south.
Flashcard 21: Identify the term for the policy of establishing colonies to gain economic dominance.
Answer: Colonialism. System of settling and governing territories for economic exploitation.
Flashcard 22: Which 1904-1905 war marked the first major victory of an Asian power over a European nation?
Answer: The Russo-Japanese War. Japan's victory shocked Europe and demonstrated Asian military capability.
Flashcard 23: What was a significant consequence of European imperialism in Africa?
Answer: The arbitrary division of African territories. Ignored ethnic boundaries, creating artificial borders and future conflicts.
Flashcard 24: Identify the economic policy that aimed to make colonies serve the mother country's economy.
Answer: Mercantilism. Economic theory requiring colonies to benefit the home country exclusively.
Flashcard 25: What was the primary effect of the Meiji Restoration in Japan?
Answer: Modernization and westernization of Japan. 1868 reforms transformed Japan into modern industrial power.
Flashcard 26: Which 1898 conflict resulted in the U.S. acquiring territories in the Pacific and Caribbean?
Answer: The Spanish-American War. America gained Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico as colonies.
Flashcard 27: What was the main consequence of the Fashoda Incident in 1898?
Answer: British and French tensions in Africa. Near-war over colonial claims in Sudan, resolved diplomatically.
Flashcard 28: Which 19th-century military conflict was sparked by the British opium trade in China?
Answer: The Opium Wars. Britain forced China to accept opium trade through military victory.
Flashcard 29: Identify the treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905.
Answer: The Treaty of Portsmouth. Mediated by Theodore Roosevelt, recognized Japan's regional power.
Flashcard 30: Which European nation was most associated with the colonization of Indochina?
Answer: France. Established French colonial empire in Southeast Asia.