All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What was the main reason for the Glorious Revolution?
Answer: Fear of a Catholic monarchy. Protestant nobles opposed James II's Catholic policies and absolutism.
Flashcard 2: Who led the Parliamentary forces during the English Civil War?
Answer: Oliver Cromwell. Military commander who created the disciplined New Model Army.
Flashcard 3: What was the name given to supporters of Parliament?
Answer: Parliamentarians or Roundheads. Called Roundheads for their short haircuts, opposed royal absolutism.
Flashcard 4: What event led to the establishment of the Commonwealth of England?
Answer: Execution of King Charles I. Regicide in 1649 ended monarchy and created republican government.
Flashcard 5: What was the religious policy of Oliver Cromwell's regime?
Answer: Puritanism. Promoted strict Protestant moral reforms and religious practices.
Flashcard 6: Who were the monarchs that replaced King James II?
Answer: William III and Mary II. Protestant Dutch prince and James II's daughter ruled jointly.
Flashcard 7: Which law passed in 1679 aimed to protect individuals against unlawful imprisonment?
Answer: Habeas Corpus Act. Protected against arbitrary arrest and imprisonment without trial.
Flashcard 8: What was the main religious group opposing King Charles I?
Answer: Puritans. Calvinist reformers opposing Anglican ceremony and Catholic practices.
Flashcard 9: What was the name of the secret agreement between Charles II and Louis XIV?
Answer: Treaty of Dover. 1670 alliance promising French support for English Catholic restoration.
Flashcard 10: Which parliamentary act ensured Protestant succession to the throne?
Answer: Act of Settlement 1701. Prevented future Catholic monarchs from ruling England.
Flashcard 11: Who became Lord Protector of England after the Civil War?
Answer: Oliver Cromwell. Ruled as military dictator from 1653 until his death in 1658.
Flashcard 12: What was the primary religion of King James II that led to his unpopularity?
Answer: Catholicism. Protestant England feared return to Catholic rule.
Flashcard 13: Which parliamentary act ensured Protestant succession to the throne?
Answer: Act of Settlement 1701. Prevented future Catholic monarchs from ruling England.
Flashcard 14: What was the primary cause of the English Civil War?
Answer: Conflict between monarchy and Parliament. Dispute over taxation, religion, and governmental authority.
Flashcard 15: Who was the king of England during the English Civil War?
Answer: King Charles I. Ruled from 1625-1649, believed in divine right of kings.
Flashcard 16: Which political philosopher's ideas were influential during the Glorious Revolution?
Answer: John Locke. Theorist of limited government and natural rights philosophy.
Flashcard 17: Which battle marked the decisive victory for Parliament in the English Civil War?
Answer: Battle of Naseby. 1645 victory that effectively ended Royalist resistance.
Flashcard 18: In what year was King Charles I executed?
Answer:
- First monarch in European history to be publicly executed.
Flashcard 19: What form of government was established following the execution of King Charles I?
Answer: Commonwealth of England. Republican government that replaced the monarchy from 1649-1660.
Flashcard 20: Who became Lord Protector of England after the Civil War?
Answer: Oliver Cromwell. Ruled as military dictator from 1653 until his death in 1658.
Flashcard 21: What was the name of the period when England was ruled by Oliver Cromwell?
Answer: The Protectorate. Period of republican rule under Cromwell's military leadership.
Flashcard 22: Which event marked the restoration of the monarchy in England in 1660?
Answer: The Restoration. Return of monarchy after Commonwealth period ended.
Flashcard 23: Which king was restored to the throne in 1660?
Answer: King Charles II. Son of executed Charles I, returned from exile in France.
Flashcard 24: What was the Glorious Revolution?
Answer: The overthrow of King James II. Bloodless coup that removed Catholic king from throne.
Flashcard 25: What was the primary outcome of the English Civil War?
Answer: Reduction of royal power and rise of parliamentary authority. Parliament gained control over taxation, military, and succession.
Flashcard 26: What was the significance of the Glorious Revolution in terms of governance?
Answer: Established constitutional monarchy. Limited monarchy with Parliament holding supreme authority.
Flashcard 27: What key principle did John Locke advocate that influenced the Glorious Revolution?
Answer: Government by consent and natural rights. Justified resistance to tyrannical rulers and parliamentary sovereignty.
Flashcard 28: What year did the English Civil War begin?
Answer:
- Marked the start of armed conflict between Charles I and Parliament.
Flashcard 29: Who was the primary political opponent of King Charles I?
Answer: Parliament. Legislative body that controlled taxation and opposed royal absolutism.
Flashcard 30: What was the name of the army formed by Parliament during the Civil War?
Answer: New Model Army. Professional military force that defeated royalist armies.