All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What term describes the move of people from former colonies to European metropoles after 1945?
Answer: Postcolonial migration. Labor shortages drew millions from Caribbean, Africa, and Asia to Europe.
Flashcard 2: What global institution created in 1945 provided a forum for anti-colonial claims?
Answer: United Nations (UN). Replaced League of Nations, gave colonized peoples a platform to voice grievances.
Flashcard 3: What is decolonization in the context of Europe after World War II?
Answer: Transfer of imperial rule to independent states in colonies. Process where European powers granted sovereignty to their overseas territories.
Flashcard 4: Which 1956 crisis showed Britain and France could not act imperially without US support?
Answer: Suez Crisis. Anglo-French invasion failed when US opposed it, marking imperial decline.
Flashcard 5: What is neocolonialism as a post-independence pattern affecting former colonies?
Answer: Indirect control through economic and political dependence. Former colonial powers maintain influence through trade and debt.
Flashcard 6: What is the term for newly independent states that avoided formal alignment in the Cold War?
Answer: Non-Aligned Movement. Third World countries sought independence from both US and Soviet blocs.
Flashcard 7: Which French leader accepted Algerian self-determination and ended the war?
Answer: Charles de Gaulle. Returned to power in 1958, negotiated Evian Accords granting independence.
Flashcard 8: Which country’s nationalization of the Suez Canal triggered the 1956 Suez Crisis?
Answer: Egypt. Nasser's action challenged Western control of this vital waterway.
Flashcard 9: Which Algerian nationalist organization led the struggle against French rule?
Answer: FLN (National Liberation Front). Front de Libération Nationale used guerrilla tactics against French forces.
Flashcard 10: Which concept best describes the creation of new states based on a shared national identity?
Answer: National self-determination. Wilson's principle became basis for dismantling empires after WWII.
Flashcard 11: Which 1974 Portuguese event helped precipitate rapid decolonization in Africa?
Answer: Carnation Revolution. Military coup overthrew dictatorship, ending colonial wars in Africa.
Flashcard 12: Identify the European empire that fought long wars to keep Angola and Mozambique until 1975.
Answer: Portugal. Last European power to decolonize, resisted until military coup at home.
Flashcard 13: What 1947 event marked the end of British rule in the Indian subcontinent?
Answer: Partition and independence of India and Pakistan. Created two nations based on religion, ending British Raj after 200 years.
Flashcard 14: Which 1954–1962 war led to Algeria’s independence from France?
Answer: Algerian War of Independence. Brutal conflict with over 1 million deaths before French withdrawal.
Flashcard 15: What 1954 defeat helped convince France to leave Indochina?
Answer: Battle of Dien Bien Phu. Viet Minh victory ended French colonial rule in Vietnam.
Flashcard 16: Which 1955 conference is commonly linked to Afro-Asian solidarity and nonalignment?
Answer: Bandung Conference. 29 Asian-African nations met in Indonesia to oppose colonialism.
Flashcard 17: What is the term for the forced division of British India into two states in 1947?
Answer: Partition. Religious divisions led to massive displacement and violence during separation.
Flashcard 18: Identify the Cold War dynamic that accelerated European decolonization after 1945.
Answer: US–USSR rivalry encouraged anti-imperial nationalism. Both superpowers opposed European colonialism to gain influence in new nations.
Flashcard 19: Which leader is most associated with nonviolent Indian independence from Britain?
Answer: Mohandas K. Gandhi. Led civil disobedience campaigns and promoted satyagraha (truth force).
Flashcard 20: Identify the European country that granted independence to the Congo in 1960.
Answer: Belgium. Hasty decolonization led to chaos and civil war.
Flashcard 21: Which 1956 crisis showed Britain and France could not act independently of the superpowers?
Answer: The Suez Crisis. US and USSR forced Anglo-French withdrawal from Egypt.
Flashcard 22: What 1962 agreement ended the Algerian War and recognized Algerian independence?
Answer: The Evian Accords. De Gaulle negotiated end to brutal colonial war.
Flashcard 23: Which French colony fought a major independence war from 1954 to 1962?
Answer: Algeria. FLN guerrilla warfare forced France to grant independence.
Flashcard 24: What 1954 agreement ended the First Indochina War and temporarily divided Vietnam?
Answer: The Geneva Accords (1954). Split Vietnam at 17th parallel pending reunification elections.
Flashcard 25: Which French colony fought a war ending with the 1954 defeat of France at Dien Bien Phu?
Answer: French Indochina (Vietnam). Ho Chi Minh's forces defeated French colonial army decisively.
Flashcard 26: Which colony gained independence from Britain in 1947 after partition into two states?
Answer: British India (partition into India and Pakistan). Religious tensions led to partition along Hindu-Muslim lines.
Flashcard 27: What concept describes continued economic and cultural dependence after formal independence?
Answer: Neocolonialism. Former colonies remain economically dominated by ex-colonizers.
Flashcard 28: What 1955 conference symbolized Afro-Asian solidarity and anti-colonial cooperation?
Answer: The Bandung Conference. First major gathering of Asian and African leaders against colonialism.
Flashcard 29: What term describes newly independent states aligning with neither the US nor the USSR?
Answer: Non-Alignment (Non-Aligned Movement). Sought independence from both Cold War blocs' influence.
Flashcard 30: What international organization most directly legitimized postwar self-determination claims?
Answer: The United Nations (UN). Its charter supported self-determination and anti-colonial principles.