AP European History Flashcards: Continuity And Changes Amidst Global Conflict

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Continuity And Changes Amidst Global Conflict, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP European History.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Name the ideology that emphasizes state control and nationalism, prominent in 20th century Europe.

Answer: Fascism. Authoritarian ideology emphasizing ultranationalism and dictatorial power.

Flashcard 2: What was the major environmental disaster in Ukraine in 1986?

Answer: Chernobyl disaster. Nuclear reactor explosion exposed Soviet system failures.

Flashcard 3: Name the pact that sought to prevent future wars by outlawing war as a policy tool.

Answer: Kellogg-Briand Pact. 1928 treaty renouncing war, signed by 62 nations.

Flashcard 4: Identify the British policy that sought to prevent war by making concessions to Hitler.

Answer: Appeasement. Policy of making concessions to avoid conflict, ultimately failed.

Flashcard 5: Which pact was formed as a counterpart to NATO by Eastern Bloc countries?

Answer: Warsaw Pact. Soviet-led military alliance of Eastern European communist states.

Flashcard 6: What was the main purpose of the League of Nations?

Answer: To maintain world peace. Created to prevent future wars through collective security and diplomacy.

Flashcard 7: Which city was divided into four sectors post-World War II?

Answer: Berlin. Split among American, British, French, and Soviet occupation zones.

Flashcard 8: Which conference established the post-World War II order in Europe?

Answer: Yalta Conference. February 1945 meeting divided Germany and established spheres of influence.

Flashcard 9: Identify the conflict that marked the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s.

Answer: Bosnian War. Ethnic conflict following Slovenia and Croatia's independence declarations.

Flashcard 10: Identify the year the Treaty of Versailles was signed.

Answer:

1. Signed at the Palace of Versailles on June 28, officially ending WWI.

Flashcard 11: Which European country experienced a peaceful revolution known as the Velvet Revolution?

Answer: Czechoslovakia. Peaceful transition from communism to democracy in November 1989.

Flashcard 12: Identify the policy aimed at preventing the spread of communism after World War II.

Answer: Containment. Truman Doctrine strategy to limit Soviet expansion during Cold War.

Flashcard 13: What major global conflict occurred between 1939 and 1945?

Answer: World War II. Began with Germany's invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939.

Flashcard 14: Who was the British Prime Minister during the majority of World War II?

Answer: Winston Churchill. Served from May 1940 to July 1945, leading Britain through the war.

Flashcard 15: Identify the year the Berlin Wall fell.

Answer:

1. November 9 symbolized end of Cold War division in Europe.

Flashcard 16: What was the significant economic problem faced by Germany in the 1920s?

Answer: Hyperinflation. Extreme inflation following WWI reparations and economic instability.

Flashcard 17: Which city was divided into four sectors post-World War II?

Answer: Berlin. Split among American, British, French, and Soviet occupation zones.

Flashcard 18: Which treaty in 1957 laid the foundation for the European Economic Community?

Answer: Treaty of Rome. Established the European Economic Community among six founding nations.

Flashcard 19: What is the term for the policy of openness and transparency in government institutions in the Soviet Union?

Answer: Glasnost. Openness policy allowing greater freedom of expression and information.

Flashcard 20: What event marked the beginning of World War I?

Answer: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The June 28, 1914 shooting in Sarajevo triggered the July Crisis and mobilization.

Flashcard 21: What was the major economic crisis that began in 1929?

Answer: Great Depression. Global economic downturn triggered by stock market crash.

Flashcard 22: Identify the year the Soviet Union was officially dissolved.

Answer:

1. Gorbachev's reforms led to dissolution on December 25.

Flashcard 23: Identify the leader of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution.

Answer: Vladimir Lenin. Led the October Revolution and established the first communist state.

Flashcard 24: Who became the first Chancellor of West Germany?

Answer: Konrad Adenauer. Led West Germany from 1949-1963, promoting European integration.

Flashcard 25: Identify the doctrine that justified Soviet intervention in other socialist countries.

Answer: Brezhnev Doctrine. Limited sovereignty doctrine justifying intervention in socialist states.

Flashcard 26: Name the event where the US and USSR came closest to nuclear war during the Cold War.

Answer: Cuban Missile Crisis. October 1962 standoff over Soviet missiles in Cuba nearly caused war.

Flashcard 27: Which nation was primarily blamed for World War I in the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer: Germany. Article 231 (War Guilt Clause) assigned full responsibility to Germany.

Flashcard 28: Which alliance was created to promote economic integration among European countries in 1951?

Answer: European Coal and Steel Community. First step toward European integration, pooling coal and steel resources.

Flashcard 29: What was the primary purpose of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?

Answer: Collective defense. Mutual defense alliance against Soviet threat in Europe.

Flashcard 30: Which event marked the official start of the Cold War?

Answer: Iron Curtain Speech. Churchill's March 1946 speech describing Soviet control of Eastern Europe.

Flashcard 31: What organization was created in 1945 to promote international cooperation?

Answer: United Nations. Replaced the League of Nations with broader membership and powers.

Flashcard 32: What was the primary ideological conflict during the Cold War?

Answer: Capitalism vs. Communism. Fundamental economic and political systems competition between superpowers.

Flashcard 33: What was the main objective of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992?

Answer: To create the European Union. Established political and economic union with common currency.

Flashcard 34: What process refers to the political and economic reforms in the Soviet Union under Gorbachev?

Answer: Perestroika. Restructuring policy aimed at revitalizing Soviet economy and politics.

Flashcard 35: Identify the leader who initiated the Solidarity movement in Poland.

Answer: Lech Wałęsa. Trade union leader who challenged communist rule in the 1980s.

Flashcard 36: What was the major cause of the Spanish Civil War in 1936?

Answer: Political polarization. Ideological divide between left-wing republicans and right-wing nationalists.

Flashcard 37: What was the primary economic plan for rebuilding Western Europe after World War II?

Answer: Marshall Plan. Provided $13 billion in aid to rebuild Western European economies.

Flashcard 38: Which agreement in 1938 allowed Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland?

Answer: Munich Agreement. Chamberlain's appeasement policy allowing German territorial expansion.