Causation: Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment - AP European History
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Who developed the laws of planetary motion?
Who developed the laws of planetary motion?
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Johannes Kepler. Proved planets follow elliptical orbits, not perfect circles.
Johannes Kepler. Proved planets follow elliptical orbits, not perfect circles.
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What was Voltaire's stance on religion?
What was Voltaire's stance on religion?
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He advocated for religious tolerance. Opposed religious persecution and promoted freedom of belief.
He advocated for religious tolerance. Opposed religious persecution and promoted freedom of belief.
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What is empiricism?
What is empiricism?
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Knowledge through sensory experience. Opposed rationalism that relied on innate ideas and logic.
Knowledge through sensory experience. Opposed rationalism that relied on innate ideas and logic.
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What did the Enlightenment criticize about monarchies?
What did the Enlightenment criticize about monarchies?
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Absolute rule and lack of representation. Challenged divine right theory and promoted popular consent.
Absolute rule and lack of representation. Challenged divine right theory and promoted popular consent.
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Which scientific figure is known for laws of motion?
Which scientific figure is known for laws of motion?
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Isaac Newton. Formulated three fundamental laws describing object motion.
Isaac Newton. Formulated three fundamental laws describing object motion.
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Identify the author of 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman'.
Identify the author of 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman'.
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Mary Wollstonecraft. Pioneered arguments for women's education and equality.
Mary Wollstonecraft. Pioneered arguments for women's education and equality.
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What was the impact of the Scientific Revolution on religion?
What was the impact of the Scientific Revolution on religion?
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Challenged the Church's authority. Scientific discoveries contradicted biblical cosmology and theology.
Challenged the Church's authority. Scientific discoveries contradicted biblical cosmology and theology.
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What did Galileo Galilei improve to study the stars?
What did Galileo Galilei improve to study the stars?
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The telescope. Enhanced magnification allowed detailed observation of celestial bodies.
The telescope. Enhanced magnification allowed detailed observation of celestial bodies.
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What was the Enlightenment view on education?
What was the Enlightenment view on education?
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It should be available to all. Promoted universal literacy to spread reason and knowledge.
It should be available to all. Promoted universal literacy to spread reason and knowledge.
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Which concept did Montesquieu introduce?
Which concept did Montesquieu introduce?
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Separation of powers. Divided government into executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
Separation of powers. Divided government into executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
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What did the Scientific Method rely on?
What did the Scientific Method rely on?
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Observation and experimentation. Replaced reliance on ancient texts with direct study of nature.
Observation and experimentation. Replaced reliance on ancient texts with direct study of nature.
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Which Enlightenment thinker influenced the US Constitution?
Which Enlightenment thinker influenced the US Constitution?
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John Locke. His social contract theory influenced American founding principles.
John Locke. His social contract theory influenced American founding principles.
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Identify the author of 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman'.
Identify the author of 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman'.
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Mary Wollstonecraft. Pioneered arguments for women's education and equality.
Mary Wollstonecraft. Pioneered arguments for women's education and equality.
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What did the Enlightenment criticize about monarchies?
What did the Enlightenment criticize about monarchies?
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Absolute rule and lack of representation. Challenged divine right theory and promoted popular consent.
Absolute rule and lack of representation. Challenged divine right theory and promoted popular consent.
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Which invention was crucial to the Scientific Revolution?
Which invention was crucial to the Scientific Revolution?
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The printing press. Enabled rapid spread of scientific discoveries and ideas.
The printing press. Enabled rapid spread of scientific discoveries and ideas.
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What is empiricism?
What is empiricism?
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Knowledge through sensory experience. Opposed rationalism that relied on innate ideas and logic.
Knowledge through sensory experience. Opposed rationalism that relied on innate ideas and logic.
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Which Enlightenment thinker wrote 'Critique of Pure Reason'?
Which Enlightenment thinker wrote 'Critique of Pure Reason'?
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Immanuel Kant. Synthesized empiricism and rationalism in German philosophy.
Immanuel Kant. Synthesized empiricism and rationalism in German philosophy.
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What role did salons play in the Enlightenment?
What role did salons play in the Enlightenment?
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Centers for intellectual exchange. Facilitated discussion and spread of Enlightenment philosophy.
Centers for intellectual exchange. Facilitated discussion and spread of Enlightenment philosophy.
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Which scientific figure is known for laws of motion?
Which scientific figure is known for laws of motion?
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Isaac Newton. Formulated three fundamental laws describing object motion.
Isaac Newton. Formulated three fundamental laws describing object motion.
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What did the Enlightenment promote in terms of economics?
What did the Enlightenment promote in terms of economics?
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Free market and capitalism. Opposed mercantilism and promoted individual economic freedom.
Free market and capitalism. Opposed mercantilism and promoted individual economic freedom.
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What did the Enlightenment encourage in terms of science and religion?
What did the Enlightenment encourage in terms of science and religion?
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Separation of science and religion. Promoted secular reasoning independent of religious doctrine.
Separation of science and religion. Promoted secular reasoning independent of religious doctrine.
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What was a consequence of the Enlightenment on revolutions?
What was a consequence of the Enlightenment on revolutions?
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Inspired democratic revolutions. Ideas about natural rights fueled American and French Revolutions.
Inspired democratic revolutions. Ideas about natural rights fueled American and French Revolutions.
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Who wrote 'Leviathan'?
Who wrote 'Leviathan'?
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Thomas Hobbes. Argued for strong government to control human nature's brutality.
Thomas Hobbes. Argued for strong government to control human nature's brutality.
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What was Denis Diderot's contribution to the Enlightenment?
What was Denis Diderot's contribution to the Enlightenment?
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The Encyclopédie. Comprehensive reference work organizing human knowledge systematically.
The Encyclopédie. Comprehensive reference work organizing human knowledge systematically.
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What did the Enlightenment advocate for in terms of justice?
What did the Enlightenment advocate for in terms of justice?
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Reform of criminal justice systems. Promoted humane punishment and rehabilitation over torture.
Reform of criminal justice systems. Promoted humane punishment and rehabilitation over torture.
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How did Enlightenment ideas spread across Europe?
How did Enlightenment ideas spread across Europe?
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Through books, pamphlets, and salons. Print culture and intellectual networks facilitated rapid dissemination.
Through books, pamphlets, and salons. Print culture and intellectual networks facilitated rapid dissemination.
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What was the impact of the Enlightenment on art and culture?
What was the impact of the Enlightenment on art and culture?
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Promoted neoclassicism. Emphasized classical ideals of reason, order, and virtue.
Promoted neoclassicism. Emphasized classical ideals of reason, order, and virtue.
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Which institution was most challenged during the Scientific Revolution?
Which institution was most challenged during the Scientific Revolution?
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The Catholic Church. Its authority over natural philosophy was directly undermined.
The Catholic Church. Its authority over natural philosophy was directly undermined.
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What did the Enlightenment emphasize in terms of human rights?
What did the Enlightenment emphasize in terms of human rights?
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Universal equality and liberty. Proclaimed all humans possess inherent dignity and rights.
Universal equality and liberty. Proclaimed all humans possess inherent dignity and rights.
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What scientific advancement is Galileo credited with?
What scientific advancement is Galileo credited with?
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Observational astronomy. Used telescopes to discover moons of Jupiter and lunar craters.
Observational astronomy. Used telescopes to discover moons of Jupiter and lunar craters.
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