All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Identify the 19th-century policy that aimed to expand a country's power and influence.
Answer: Imperialism. European powers sought global markets and territorial dominance.
Flashcard 2: What was the primary effect of the Industrial Revolution on European politics?
Answer: Rise of industrial capitalism. Created new social classes and altered traditional power structures.
Flashcard 3: What was the main outcome of the 1867 Austro-Hungarian Compromise?
Answer: Formation of Austria-Hungary. Created dual monarchy to satisfy Hungarian nationalist demands.
Flashcard 4: Which 19th-century figure is associated with the Communist Manifesto?
Answer: Karl Marx. Developed revolutionary theory of class struggle and socialist economics.
Flashcard 5: Identify the 19th-century policy that aimed to expand a country's power and influence.
Answer: Imperialism. European powers sought global markets and territorial dominance.
Flashcard 6: Which 19th-century empire was referred to as the 'sick man of Europe'?
Answer: Ottoman Empire. Declining power created power vacuum in southeastern Europe.
Flashcard 7: Which 19th-century event marked the end of serfdom in Russia?
Answer: Emancipation Reform of 1861. Tsar Alexander II freed millions from feudal bondage system.
Flashcard 8: What was the main aim of the 19th-century Zionist movement?
Answer: Establish a Jewish homeland. Response to anti-Semitism and desire for national self-determination.
Flashcard 9: Which 19th-century political ideology focused on the welfare of the working class?
Answer: Socialism. Advocated government intervention to protect laborers from exploitation.
Flashcard 10: What was the primary focus of 19th-century Romanticism?
Answer: Emotion and individualism. Cultural movement reacting against Enlightenment rationalism and order.
Flashcard 11: Which 19th-century figure is associated with the concept of utilitarianism?
Answer: Jeremy Bentham. Promoted 'greatest happiness for greatest number' principle in policy.
Flashcard 12: What was the main goal of the 19th-century British Reform Acts?
Answer: Expand suffrage. Gradually extended voting rights to broader segments of society.
Flashcard 13: Which 19th-century social class grew due to industrialization?
Answer: Middle class. Industrial wealth created new political and economic influence.
Flashcard 14: What was a major cause of the 19th-century Irish Potato Famine?
Answer: Potato blight. Agricultural disease devastated Ireland's primary food source.
Flashcard 15: Which 19th-century ideology emphasized the importance of community and cooperation?
Answer: Socialism. Stressed collective welfare over individual competitive advantage.
Flashcard 16: What is the term for the 19th-century movement towards the abolition of slavery?
Answer: Abolitionism. Moral crusade against human bondage gained international momentum.
Flashcard 17: Which 19th-century empire was referred to as the 'sick man of Europe'?
Answer: Ottoman Empire. Declining power created power vacuum in southeastern Europe.
Flashcard 18: What was the economic doctrine advocating minimal government intervention in the 19th century?
Answer: Laissez-faire. Economic liberalism opposing government regulation of markets.
Flashcard 19: Which 19th-century figure is known for unifying Germany through warfare?
Answer: Otto von Bismarck. Used 'blood and iron' policy to achieve German political unity.
Flashcard 20: What is the term for the 19th-century belief in racial superiority and imperial expansion?
Answer: Social Darwinism. Applied evolutionary theory to justify racial hierarchies and imperialism.
Flashcard 21: Identify the slogan that encapsulates the goals of the French Revolution.
Answer: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. Revolutionary ideals that inspired democratic movements across Europe.
Flashcard 22: What was the significance of the Dreyfus Affair in France?
Answer: Exposed anti-Semitism and divided public opinion. Revealed deep-seated prejudice and weakened French national unity.
Flashcard 23: Which two countries were involved in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871?
Answer: France and Prussia. Bismarck used conflict to complete German unification under Prussia.
Flashcard 24: What was the primary focus of the 19th-century Chartist movement in Britain?
Answer: Political reforms and suffrage. Working-class movement demanded democratic participation in government.
Flashcard 25: Which 19th-century figure is associated with the Communist Manifesto?
Answer: Karl Marx. Developed revolutionary theory of class struggle and socialist economics.
Flashcard 26: Which 19th-century political ideology advocated for the abolition of monarchy?
Answer: Republicanism. Promoted popular sovereignty and rejection of hereditary rule.
Flashcard 27: Identify the political doctrine that emphasizes the importance of the nation and national identity.
Answer: Nationalism. United ethnic groups seeking self-determination and independence.
Flashcard 28: Name the political strategy that involves manipulation for practical ends.
Answer: Realpolitik. Politics based on practical considerations rather than moral ideals.
Flashcard 29: Who was the leading figure in Italian unification?
Answer: Giuseppe Garibaldi. Led military campaigns that created the Kingdom of Italy.
Flashcard 30: What was the primary aim of the Frankfurt Assembly in 1848?
Answer: Unify German states. Liberal assembly sought constitutional monarchy for unified Germany.