Age of Reformation, Wars of Religion - AP European History
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What was a major consequence of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
What was a major consequence of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
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Intensified the French Wars of Religion. Radicalized Catholic-Protestant tensions and prolonged religious warfare.
Intensified the French Wars of Religion. Radicalized Catholic-Protestant tensions and prolonged religious warfare.
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What was the political impact of the Peace of Westphalia?
What was the political impact of the Peace of Westphalia?
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Marked the rise of state sovereignty. Ended religious justifications for war and strengthened secular authority.
Marked the rise of state sovereignty. Ended religious justifications for war and strengthened secular authority.
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What event began the Protestant Reformation in 1517?
What event began the Protestant Reformation in 1517?
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Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses. Luther's critique of indulgences sparked the Protestant movement.
Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses. Luther's critique of indulgences sparked the Protestant movement.
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Identify the treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648.
Identify the treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648.
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Treaty of Westphalia. Established the principle of state sovereignty in European politics.
Treaty of Westphalia. Established the principle of state sovereignty in European politics.
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What was the primary theological belief of Calvinism?
What was the primary theological belief of Calvinism?
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Predestination. Calvin taught that God predetermined who would achieve salvation.
Predestination. Calvin taught that God predetermined who would achieve salvation.
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Which English monarch broke with the Catholic Church in 1534?
Which English monarch broke with the Catholic Church in 1534?
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Henry VIII. Sought annulment from Rome to marry Anne Boleyn and produce a male heir.
Henry VIII. Sought annulment from Rome to marry Anne Boleyn and produce a male heir.
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What was the main goal of the Counter-Reformation?
What was the main goal of the Counter-Reformation?
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To reform the Catholic Church and counter Protestantism. Catholic response to halt Protestant expansion and clarify doctrine.
To reform the Catholic Church and counter Protestantism. Catholic response to halt Protestant expansion and clarify doctrine.
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Identify the pope who excommunicated Martin Luther.
Identify the pope who excommunicated Martin Luther.
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Pope Leo X. Medici pope who initially underestimated the threat of Lutheran reform.
Pope Leo X. Medici pope who initially underestimated the threat of Lutheran reform.
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What was the main outcome of the Peace of Augsburg (1555)?
What was the main outcome of the Peace of Augsburg (1555)?
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Allowed German princes to choose their state's religion. Established religious autonomy for German territories within the Empire.
Allowed German princes to choose their state's religion. Established religious autonomy for German territories within the Empire.
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Which religious group did the Treaty of Westphalia recognize?
Which religious group did the Treaty of Westphalia recognize?
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Calvinists. Extended religious recognition beyond just Lutherans and Catholics.
Calvinists. Extended religious recognition beyond just Lutherans and Catholics.
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Which reformer is associated with the doctrine of 'justification by faith alone'?
Which reformer is associated with the doctrine of 'justification by faith alone'?
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Martin Luther. Salvation through faith alone, not good works or church sacraments.
Martin Luther. Salvation through faith alone, not good works or church sacraments.
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Identify the ruler known for the Spanish Armada's failed invasion of England.
Identify the ruler known for the Spanish Armada's failed invasion of England.
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Philip II of Spain. Attempted to restore Catholic rule in Protestant England in 1588.
Philip II of Spain. Attempted to restore Catholic rule in Protestant England in 1588.
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What was the primary aim of the Council of Trent (1545-1563)?
What was the primary aim of the Council of Trent (1545-1563)?
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To clarify Catholic doctrine and reform church practices. Ecumenical council that defined Catholic teachings against Protestant theology.
To clarify Catholic doctrine and reform church practices. Ecumenical council that defined Catholic teachings against Protestant theology.
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What was the primary impact of the Peace of Westphalia on Europe?
What was the primary impact of the Peace of Westphalia on Europe?
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It marked the end of large-scale religious wars in Europe. Shifted focus from religious to political conflicts in European diplomacy.
It marked the end of large-scale religious wars in Europe. Shifted focus from religious to political conflicts in European diplomacy.
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Which religious group was targeted during the Spanish Inquisition?
Which religious group was targeted during the Spanish Inquisition?
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Protestants and other non-Catholics. Conversos, Moriscos, and suspected heretics faced persecution and trials.
Protestants and other non-Catholics. Conversos, Moriscos, and suspected heretics faced persecution and trials.
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Name the Swiss reformer who led the Reformation in Zurich.
Name the Swiss reformer who led the Reformation in Zurich.
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Huldrych Zwingli. Contemporary of Luther who emphasized scriptural authority over tradition.
Huldrych Zwingli. Contemporary of Luther who emphasized scriptural authority over tradition.
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What was a direct consequence of the Edict of Worms (1521)?
What was a direct consequence of the Edict of Worms (1521)?
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Luther was declared an outlaw and his works were banned. Charles V condemned Luther as a heretic and enemy of the empire.
Luther was declared an outlaw and his works were banned. Charles V condemned Luther as a heretic and enemy of the empire.
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Which treaty ended the Habsburg-Valois Wars?
Which treaty ended the Habsburg-Valois Wars?
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Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis. 1559 agreement ended Habsburg-Valois rivalry over Italian territories.
Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis. 1559 agreement ended Habsburg-Valois rivalry over Italian territories.
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What was the primary goal of the Schmalkaldic League?
What was the primary goal of the Schmalkaldic League?
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To defend Protestant states within the Holy Roman Empire. Military alliance formed in 1531 to protect Lutheran principalities.
To defend Protestant states within the Holy Roman Empire. Military alliance formed in 1531 to protect Lutheran principalities.
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What was the significance of the Diet of Worms (1521)?
What was the significance of the Diet of Worms (1521)?
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Luther refused to recant his teachings. Luther's defiant stand against imperial and papal authority.
Luther refused to recant his teachings. Luther's defiant stand against imperial and papal authority.
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Name the religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola.
Name the religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola.
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The Jesuits. Founded in 1540 to spread Catholic education and missionary work.
The Jesuits. Founded in 1540 to spread Catholic education and missionary work.
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What was the primary aim of the Council of Trent (1545-1563)?
What was the primary aim of the Council of Trent (1545-1563)?
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To clarify Catholic doctrine and reform church practices. Ecumenical council that defined Catholic teachings against Protestant theology.
To clarify Catholic doctrine and reform church practices. Ecumenical council that defined Catholic teachings against Protestant theology.
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Which 1555 agreement allowed German princes to choose their state's religion?
Which 1555 agreement allowed German princes to choose their state's religion?
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Peace of Augsburg. Established 'cuius regio, eius religio' principle in the Holy Roman Empire.
Peace of Augsburg. Established 'cuius regio, eius religio' principle in the Holy Roman Empire.
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Identify the ruler known for the Spanish Armada's failed invasion of England.
Identify the ruler known for the Spanish Armada's failed invasion of England.
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Philip II of Spain. Attempted to restore Catholic rule in Protestant England in 1588.
Philip II of Spain. Attempted to restore Catholic rule in Protestant England in 1588.
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Which reformation leader translated the Bible into German?
Which reformation leader translated the Bible into German?
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Martin Luther. Made scripture accessible to common people in their vernacular language.
Martin Luther. Made scripture accessible to common people in their vernacular language.
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What was the main cause of the French Wars of Religion?
What was the main cause of the French Wars of Religion?
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Conflict between Catholics and Huguenots. Religious divisions between French Catholics and Protestant Huguenots.
Conflict between Catholics and Huguenots. Religious divisions between French Catholics and Protestant Huguenots.
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Which edict, issued in 1598, granted religious tolerance to Huguenots in France?
Which edict, issued in 1598, granted religious tolerance to Huguenots in France?
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Edict of Nantes. Henry IV granted religious freedom to end the French Wars of Religion.
Edict of Nantes. Henry IV granted religious freedom to end the French Wars of Religion.
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What term describes the Catholic Church's efforts to reform itself in response to Protestantism?
What term describes the Catholic Church's efforts to reform itself in response to Protestantism?
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Counter-Reformation. Catholic revival movement to strengthen the church against Protestant challenges.
Counter-Reformation. Catholic revival movement to strengthen the church against Protestant challenges.
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Identify the French king who converted to Catholicism to strengthen his rule.
Identify the French king who converted to Catholicism to strengthen his rule.
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Henry IV. Converted from Protestantism, declaring 'Paris is worth a Mass.'
Henry IV. Converted from Protestantism, declaring 'Paris is worth a Mass.'
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What role did indulgences play in sparking the Protestant Reformation?
What role did indulgences play in sparking the Protestant Reformation?
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Their sale was criticized by reformers like Martin Luther. Luther condemned the practice as corrupting salvation through payment.
Their sale was criticized by reformers like Martin Luther. Luther condemned the practice as corrupting salvation through payment.
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