All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Who painted 'The Swing'?
Answer: Jean-Honoré Fragonard. French Rococo painter known for sensual, lighthearted scenes of aristocratic life.
Flashcard 2: Name one major work by Voltaire.
Answer: Candide. His satirical masterpiece attacking philosophical optimism and religious hypocrisy.
Flashcard 3: Who is known for his satirical works criticizing society?
Answer: Jonathan Swift. Irish author whose works like 'Gulliver's Travels' exposed social and political hypocrisy.
Flashcard 4: Which philosopher is associated with empiricism?
Answer: John Locke. English philosopher who argued all knowledge comes from sensory experience.
Flashcard 5: What is the primary theme of 'A Modest Proposal'?
Answer: Satirical criticism of British policy towards the Irish. Swift's essay ironically suggests eating poor children to solve Ireland's poverty.
Flashcard 6: Identify one major work by Immanuel Kant.
Answer: Critique of Pure Reason. Groundbreaking work examining the limits and possibilities of human reason.
Flashcard 7: What is the significance of Montesquieu's 'The Spirit of the Laws'?
Answer: Advocates separation of powers in government. Influenced American Constitution by proposing checks and balances between government branches.
Flashcard 8: Who is known for the composition 'Messiah'?
Answer: George Frideric Handel. German-born composer famous for oratorios celebrating Christian religious themes.
Flashcard 9: What is the significance of the 'Age of Reason'?
Answer: Period emphasizing rational thought over tradition. 18th-century intellectual movement prioritizing logic and science over faith and custom.
Flashcard 10: Which event is depicted in Jacques-Louis David's 'The Death of Socrates'?
Answer: Socrates's final moments before his execution. Neoclassical masterpiece illustrating philosophical dedication and moral courage.
Flashcard 11: What was the purpose of Diderot's 'Encyclopédie'?
Answer: To gather and disseminate Enlightenment ideas. Collaborative effort to compile human knowledge and promote rational inquiry.
Flashcard 12: Identify the central concept of Adam Smith's 'The Wealth of Nations'.
Answer: The benefits of free-market economics. Revolutionary economic theory arguing markets naturally regulate through competition.
Flashcard 13: What is 'Deism'?
Answer: Belief in a rational God who created the universe but does not intervene. Enlightenment religious philosophy rejecting organized religion while accepting divine creation.
Flashcard 14: Who composed 'The Magic Flute'?
Answer: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Final opera blending Enlightenment themes with Masonic symbolism and German text.
Flashcard 15: Which artist is known for the painting 'The Oath of the Horatii'?
Answer: Jacques-Louis David. Leading Neoclassical painter whose works embodied revolutionary republican ideals.
Flashcard 16: What is the central theme of 'Robinson Crusoe'?
Answer: Survival and adventure on a deserted island. Defoe's novel explores individualism and colonialism through shipwreck narrative.
Flashcard 17: Name one major contribution of David Hume to philosophy.
Answer: Empirical skepticism. Scottish philosopher who questioned the reliability of inductive reasoning.
Flashcard 18: What is the significance of 'Laissez-faire' in economics?
Answer: Minimal government intervention in economic affairs. French economic philosophy advocating free trade and minimal government regulation.
Flashcard 19: What is the significance of 'Gulliver's Travels'?
Answer: A satirical exploration of human nature and society. Swift's allegorical novel critiquing politics, science, and human pride.
Flashcard 20: Name the author of 'The Critique of Practical Reason'.
Answer: Immanuel Kant. German philosopher who synthesized rationalism and empiricism in critical philosophy.
Flashcard 21: What is the primary focus of Neoclassical art?
Answer: Classical themes and moral virtue. Art movement emphasizing ancient ideals of beauty, order, and civic virtue.
Flashcard 22: Who wrote 'The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling'?
Answer: Henry Fielding. English novelist who pioneered the comic novel with realistic character development.
Flashcard 23: What is the importance of the 'Philosophes'?
Answer: Enlightenment thinkers advocating reason and reform. French intellectuals who popularized Enlightenment principles through writings and salons.
Flashcard 24: Identify one impact of the Enlightenment on modern society.
Answer: Promotion of secularism and scientific inquiry. Challenged religious authority and promoted individual rights and democratic governance.
Flashcard 25: Who composed 'Symphony No. 5'?
Answer: Ludwig van Beethoven. German composer who bridged Classical and Romantic periods with innovative compositions.
Flashcard 26: What is the significance of 'The Sorrows of Young Werther'?
Answer: Sparked the Sturm und Drang literary movement. Goethe's novel inspired emotional literary movement emphasizing individual feeling.
Flashcard 27: Which philosopher is associated with the idea of 'tabula rasa'?
Answer: John Locke. Theory that mind begins as blank slate, shaped entirely by experience.
Flashcard 28: What is the primary purpose of satire in literature?
Answer: To criticize human vices and society. Literary technique using humor and irony to expose and correct social flaws.
Flashcard 29: Identify a key feature of Baroque music.
Answer: Complexity and contrast in compositions. Musical style featuring elaborate ornamentation and dramatic emotional expression.
Flashcard 30: What architectural style dominated the 18th century?
Answer: Neoclassicism. Revival of ancient Greek and Roman architectural principles emphasizing order and symmetry.