AP Environmental Science

Advanced Placement Environmental Science examining environmental systems and human impact.

Advanced Topics

Climate Change and Global Warming

The Science of Climate Change

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in weather patterns and average temperatures. Global warming, a major aspect of climate change, is mainly caused by increased greenhouse gases from human activities.

Greenhouse Effect

Gases like carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)), methane (\(CH_4\)), and nitrous oxide (\(N_2O\)) trap heat in the atmosphere, keeping Earth warm.

Human Contributions

  • Burning fossil fuels for energy
  • Deforestation
  • Industrial agriculture

Consequences

  • Rising sea levels
  • More frequent extreme weather
  • Loss of biodiversity

Taking Action

Solutions include reducing emissions, using renewable energy, and protecting forests.

Key Formula

\[CO_2 + H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + O_2\]

Examples

  • Melting glaciers lead to rising oceans and threaten coastal cities.

  • Switching to electric cars reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

In a Nutshell

Human activities are driving climate change, with serious global consequences.

Key Terms

Greenhouse Gas
A gas that traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
Carbon Footprint
The total amount of greenhouse gases produced by an individual or activity.
Climate Change and Global Warming - AP Environmental Science Content | Practice Hub