Political and Social Cleavages - AP Comparative Government & Politics
Card 1 of 30
What role do cleavages play in democratization?
What role do cleavages play in democratization?
Tap to reveal answer
They influence conflict and consensus-building. Cross-cutting cleavages facilitate compromise; reinforcing ones hinder it.
They influence conflict and consensus-building. Cross-cutting cleavages facilitate compromise; reinforcing ones hinder it.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify an example of a social cleavage.
Identify an example of a social cleavage.
Tap to reveal answer
Ethnic divisions. Groups with distinct cultural identities often have different political interests.
Ethnic divisions. Groups with distinct cultural identities often have different political interests.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the difference between cross-cutting and reinforcing cleavages?
What is the difference between cross-cutting and reinforcing cleavages?
Tap to reveal answer
Cross-cutting reduce conflict; reinforcing increase it. When cleavages intersect, they moderate conflict; when they align, they intensify it.
Cross-cutting reduce conflict; reinforcing increase it. When cleavages intersect, they moderate conflict; when they align, they intensify it.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which type of cleavage is more likely to lead to political stability?
Which type of cleavage is more likely to lead to political stability?
Tap to reveal answer
Cross-cutting cleavages. They prevent any single division from dominating politics completely.
Cross-cutting cleavages. They prevent any single division from dominating politics completely.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Define reinforcing cleavages.
Define reinforcing cleavages.
Tap to reveal answer
Cleavages that overlap and deepen divisions. Multiple divisions align to create deeper social and political fractures.
Cleavages that overlap and deepen divisions. Multiple divisions align to create deeper social and political fractures.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What role do cleavages play in political party formation?
What role do cleavages play in political party formation?
Tap to reveal answer
Cleavages shape party platforms and constituencies. Parties organize around these divisions to appeal to specific groups.
Cleavages shape party platforms and constituencies. Parties organize around these divisions to appeal to specific groups.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify a common cleavage in advanced industrial societies.
Identify a common cleavage in advanced industrial societies.
Tap to reveal answer
Class-based cleavages. Economic differences between workers and owners remain politically significant.
Class-based cleavages. Economic differences between workers and owners remain politically significant.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is an ethnic cleavage?
What is an ethnic cleavage?
Tap to reveal answer
A division based on ethnic identity. Different ethnic groups often have competing interests and political preferences.
A division based on ethnic identity. Different ethnic groups often have competing interests and political preferences.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
How do religious cleavages impact politics?
How do religious cleavages impact politics?
Tap to reveal answer
They influence party alignments and policy preferences. Religious groups organize politically around moral and social issues.
They influence party alignments and policy preferences. Religious groups organize politically around moral and social issues.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is meant by the term 'cross-cutting cleavages'?
What is meant by the term 'cross-cutting cleavages'?
Tap to reveal answer
Cleavages that intersect, reducing potential conflict. People belong to multiple groups, moderating extreme political divisions.
Cleavages that intersect, reducing potential conflict. People belong to multiple groups, moderating extreme political divisions.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify a cleavage that could influence voting behavior.
Identify a cleavage that could influence voting behavior.
Tap to reveal answer
Economic status. Wealth differences create distinct political preferences and party loyalties.
Economic status. Wealth differences create distinct political preferences and party loyalties.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Explain how social cleavages can affect political parties.
Explain how social cleavages can affect political parties.
Tap to reveal answer
They determine party strategies and electoral success. Parties must appeal to different social groups to win elections.
They determine party strategies and electoral success. Parties must appeal to different social groups to win elections.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is a regional cleavage?
What is a regional cleavage?
Tap to reveal answer
A division based on geographic or regional differences. Different regions often have distinct economic interests and cultural values.
A division based on geographic or regional differences. Different regions often have distinct economic interests and cultural values.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify an example of a cross-cutting cleavage.
Identify an example of a cross-cutting cleavage.
Tap to reveal answer
Income level and religion intersect differently. Wealthy religious minorities moderate potential class-based conflicts.
Income level and religion intersect differently. Wealthy religious minorities moderate potential class-based conflicts.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
How can cleavages lead to political conflict?
How can cleavages lead to political conflict?
Tap to reveal answer
By creating opposing groups with conflicting interests. Competing interests between groups can escalate into political confrontation.
By creating opposing groups with conflicting interests. Competing interests between groups can escalate into political confrontation.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which cleavage is associated with economic inequality?
Which cleavage is associated with economic inequality?
Tap to reveal answer
Class cleavage. Economic divisions between rich and poor shape political competition.
Class cleavage. Economic divisions between rich and poor shape political competition.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What impact do gender cleavages have on politics?
What impact do gender cleavages have on politics?
Tap to reveal answer
They influence policy preferences and representation. Women and men often have different political priorities and voting patterns.
They influence policy preferences and representation. Women and men often have different political priorities and voting patterns.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is a class cleavage?
What is a class cleavage?
Tap to reveal answer
A division based on socioeconomic status. Economic position determines political interests and party preferences.
A division based on socioeconomic status. Economic position determines political interests and party preferences.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify a factor that could create a new political cleavage.
Identify a factor that could create a new political cleavage.
Tap to reveal answer
Technological change. New technologies can create winners and losers with different political needs.
Technological change. New technologies can create winners and losers with different political needs.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Explain how political cleavages can shift over time.
Explain how political cleavages can shift over time.
Tap to reveal answer
Social and economic changes can alter divisions. Economic and social transformations reshape group interests and political alignments.
Social and economic changes can alter divisions. Economic and social transformations reshape group interests and political alignments.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is a cultural cleavage?
What is a cultural cleavage?
Tap to reveal answer
A division based on cultural differences. Shared values and traditions create distinct political identities and preferences.
A division based on cultural differences. Shared values and traditions create distinct political identities and preferences.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
How do cleavages influence electoral systems?
How do cleavages influence electoral systems?
Tap to reveal answer
They affect the design and functioning of systems. Cleavages determine which electoral rules will advantage different groups.
They affect the design and functioning of systems. Cleavages determine which electoral rules will advantage different groups.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify an example of a reinforcing cleavage.
Identify an example of a reinforcing cleavage.
Tap to reveal answer
Religion and ethnicity overlapping. When divisions align, they create deeper and more persistent conflicts.
Religion and ethnicity overlapping. When divisions align, they create deeper and more persistent conflicts.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is an ideological cleavage?
What is an ideological cleavage?
Tap to reveal answer
A division based on ideological beliefs. Political beliefs about government role create distinct voting blocs.
A division based on ideological beliefs. Political beliefs about government role create distinct voting blocs.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
How can cleavages affect policy-making?
How can cleavages affect policy-making?
Tap to reveal answer
They shape policy priorities and coalitions. Different groups push for policies that benefit their specific interests.
They shape policy priorities and coalitions. Different groups push for policies that benefit their specific interests.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify a historical example of a political cleavage.
Identify a historical example of a political cleavage.
Tap to reveal answer
Protestant vs. Catholic in Northern Ireland. Religious differences became the basis for sustained political conflict.
Protestant vs. Catholic in Northern Ireland. Religious differences became the basis for sustained political conflict.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the effect of cleavages on voter turnout?
What is the effect of cleavages on voter turnout?
Tap to reveal answer
They can increase or decrease political engagement. Strong group identities can mobilize or demobilize different voter segments.
They can increase or decrease political engagement. Strong group identities can mobilize or demobilize different voter segments.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What type of cleavage is likely to persist over generations?
What type of cleavage is likely to persist over generations?
Tap to reveal answer
Ethnic cleavage. Cultural identities are typically inherited and remain stable across time.
Ethnic cleavage. Cultural identities are typically inherited and remain stable across time.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Describe a cleavage that might exist in a developing country.
Describe a cleavage that might exist in a developing country.
Tap to reveal answer
Urban vs. rural divisions. Economic development creates different interests between city and countryside.
Urban vs. rural divisions. Economic development creates different interests between city and countryside.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is an occupational cleavage?
What is an occupational cleavage?
Tap to reveal answer
A division based on type of employment. Different jobs create distinct economic interests and political preferences.
A division based on type of employment. Different jobs create distinct economic interests and political preferences.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →