AP Chemistry › Intermolecular Forces
Which of the following has the highest boiling point?
Ionic bonds are the strongest type of bonds, followed by covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and lastly, van Der waals forces.
What is the strongest intermolecular force in the following compound?
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
van Der Waals
Hydrogen bond
ionic bond
covalent bond
None of these
This is butanol. It is an alcohol; OH is the prime example of hydrogen bonding, which is the strongest intermolecular force.
Order the following compounds from lowest boiling point to highest:
He2 (helium gas)
Isobutyl alcohol
Acetone
Water
Helium gas, acetone, water, isobutyl alcohol
Acetone, helium gas, water, isobutyl alcohol
Acetone, helium gas, isobutyl alcohol, water
Isobutyl alcohol, water, acetone, helium gas
Helium gas will have the lowest boiling point since it is a noble gas and the only intermolecular forces present are dispersion forces, which are the weakest. Acetone has a dipole, so dipole-dipole forces will be present. Water has a dipole and can also hydrogen bond, as can isobutyl alcohol. However, isobutyl alcohol is heavier than water, and will thus have the highest boiling point.
Which of the following intermolecular forces is the strongest?
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Ion-dipole forces
Dipole-dipole forces
Van der Waals forces
Ion-dipole forces are the strongest of the intermolecular forces.
Hydrogen bonding is a specific term for a particularly strong dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom and a very electronegative atom (oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen). However, hydrogen bonds are still not as strong as ion-dipole interactions.
In order from strongest to weakest, the intermolecular forces given in the answer choices are: ion-dipole, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, and Van der Waals forces.
Ionic bonding is stronger than any of the given intermolecular forces, but is itself NOT an intermolecular force. Ionic bonds are a permanent chemical connection between two atoms, whereas intermolecular forces as a more transient and temporary attraction between independent molecules.
Put the following in order from greatest to least intermolecular forces:
I. H2O
II. LiOH
III. CO2
I>II>III
II>I>III
I>III>II
III>I>II
II>III>I
LiOH displays ion-dipole IMF, H2O displays hydrogen bonding, and CO2 displays dipole-dipole. Ion-dipole is greater than hydrogen bonding as an IMf, and hydrogen bonding is greater than dipole-dipole.
Which of the following intermolecular forces account for the fact that noble gases can liquefy?
Dispersion forces
Dipole dipole interactions
Ion dipole interactions
Hydrogen bonding
Noble gases are uncharged and do not have polar covalent bonds or dipole moments. The only force that could apply to them are dispersion forces.
Which of the following is the strongest intermolecular force?
van Der Waals
Ionic bonds
Ion-dipole forces
Covalent bonds
Dipole-dipole forces
Ionic and covalent bonds are not intermolecular forces;
Ion-dipole>hydrogen bonds>dipole-dipole>van Der Waals forces
Which of the following compounds experiences the greatest intermolecular forces
Formaldehyde
Glucose
Ethyl Alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol
Ammonia
IMF strength is in the order of ion-ion>h-bond>dipole-dipole>van der waals. Of the listed compounds there aren't any that display ion-ion IMF, and only ammonia has h-bonding, making it the one with the strongest forces.
Methanol (H3COH) exhibits all of the following intermolecular forces EXCEPT __________.
Ionic bonding
Dipole-dipole interactions
Hydrogen bonding
London dispersion forces
Methanol is not an ionic molecule and will not exhibit intermolecular ionic bonding.
Methanol is polar, and will exhibit dipole interactions. It also contains the -OH alcohol group which will allow for hydrogen bonding.
Which intermolecular force is responsible for the high surface tension of water?
Hydrogen bonding
Covalent bonding
Dispersion forces
Van der Waals forces
Hydrogen bonding is what holds the hydrogen in one molecule of water to the oxygen in another molecule. Surface tension is a measure of the difficulty to disturb the surface of a liquid. The strong intermolecular connections created by hydrogen bonding makes it hard to disrupt adjacent molecules and break the water surface.
Most key properties of water are attributed to its hydrogen bonding.