The Periodic Table - AP Chemistry
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The periodic table of elements is structured in order of increasing __________.
The periodic table of elements is structured in order of increasing __________.
The periodic table of elements is structured in increasing atomic number. Atomic number of an element refers to the number of protons in an atom of that element. Each element is followed by the next element with one more proton than itself.
Increasing numbers of protons often correspond to atomic mass, but this trend does not hold true in all cases due to variation in isotope variation and neutron addition. For example, the atomic mass of nickel is slightly less than that of cobalt and the atomic mass of hassium is slightly less than that of bohrium.
The periodic table of elements is structured in increasing atomic number. Atomic number of an element refers to the number of protons in an atom of that element. Each element is followed by the next element with one more proton than itself.
Increasing numbers of protons often correspond to atomic mass, but this trend does not hold true in all cases due to variation in isotope variation and neutron addition. For example, the atomic mass of nickel is slightly less than that of cobalt and the atomic mass of hassium is slightly less than that of bohrium.
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Why does the periodic table of elements end with 
(ununoctium)?
Why does the periodic table of elements end with
The periodic table of elements contains the elements that have been deemed as elements by scientists as a collective whole. Although there are atoms with higher masses than 
, none of them have been stable enough to be considered elements. 
, however, is not completely stable, and complete stability is not a requirement to be considered an element.
The periodic table of elements contains the elements that have been deemed as elements by scientists as a collective whole. Although there are atoms with higher masses than
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Why does atomic radius decrease as we move from left to right along a row in the periodic table?
Why does atomic radius decrease as we move from left to right along a row in the periodic table?
The atomic radius decreases as we move from left to right across a period (row) in the periodic table for a couple reasons. Each time we move from one element to the right, we add a proton and an electron (and a certain number of neutrons depending on the isotope). Because there are no new electron shells present, this extra electron must be added to the same valence shell of this atom. The added positive charge from the proton in the nucleus and the added negative charge from the added electron are opposites, and are thus attracted to each other. The greater the number of each, the greater their pull on one another, and thus the smaller the radius of the atom.
The atomic radius decreases as we move from left to right across a period (row) in the periodic table for a couple reasons. Each time we move from one element to the right, we add a proton and an electron (and a certain number of neutrons depending on the isotope). Because there are no new electron shells present, this extra electron must be added to the same valence shell of this atom. The added positive charge from the proton in the nucleus and the added negative charge from the added electron are opposites, and are thus attracted to each other. The greater the number of each, the greater their pull on one another, and thus the smaller the radius of the atom.
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The group in the periodic table that is the least chemically reactive is __________.
The group in the periodic table that is the least chemically reactive is __________.
The noble gases have a stable octet of electrons in their outer shell and tend to neither lose nor gain electons. They tend to not react with other chemicals.
Alkali metals and halogens are highly reactive; alikali metals need to lose a single electron to reacha a stable octet, while halogens need to gain a single electron. Alkaline earth metals are reactive as well, needing to lose two electrons. Transition metals vary in their valence electron numbers and organizations, but are still considered more reactive than the noble gases.
The noble gases have a stable octet of electrons in their outer shell and tend to neither lose nor gain electons. They tend to not react with other chemicals.
Alkali metals and halogens are highly reactive; alikali metals need to lose a single electron to reacha a stable octet, while halogens need to gain a single electron. Alkaline earth metals are reactive as well, needing to lose two electrons. Transition metals vary in their valence electron numbers and organizations, but are still considered more reactive than the noble gases.
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As the atomic number in a period increases, the atomic radii in that period will __________.
As the atomic number in a period increases, the atomic radii in that period will __________.
As the atomic number increases in a period, the number of protons increases and creates a stronger electrostatic pull on the electrons. The positive protons in the nucleus attract the negative electrons in the electron cloud. As electrons are added across a pariod, they are added into the same orbital shell (as determined by the principle quantum number of the atom). Since the shell does not change, the radius of the atom does not increase. Rather, the attractive force of the protons acts to decrease the radius of the electron cloud.
As the atomic number increases in a period, the number of protons increases and creates a stronger electrostatic pull on the electrons. The positive protons in the nucleus attract the negative electrons in the electron cloud. As electrons are added across a pariod, they are added into the same orbital shell (as determined by the principle quantum number of the atom). Since the shell does not change, the radius of the atom does not increase. Rather, the attractive force of the protons acts to decrease the radius of the electron cloud.
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Which of the elements listed below has the same number of electrons in the outer shell as calcium?
Which of the elements listed below has the same number of electrons in the outer shell as calcium?
Calcium has a total of two electrons in the outer electron shell. It is possible to determine this by looking at the column on the periodic table in which calcium is located. Calcium is in group two, and all elements located in group two have two electrons in the outer electron shell. Of the elements listed as answers, only barium shares the same group. All elements in the same group have the same amount of electrons in the outer shell.
Calcium has a total of two electrons in the outer electron shell. It is possible to determine this by looking at the column on the periodic table in which calcium is located. Calcium is in group two, and all elements located in group two have two electrons in the outer electron shell. Of the elements listed as answers, only barium shares the same group. All elements in the same group have the same amount of electrons in the outer shell.
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The use of a periodic table is expected with this question.
In what order would the following elements be if you were to list them from the least amount of protons to the most amount of protons?
The use of a periodic table is expected with this question.
In what order would the following elements be if you were to list them from the least amount of protons to the most amount of protons?
The amount of protons in an element is represented by its atomic number. The periodic table is listed in order of atomic number. A smaller atomic number equates to a fewer amount of protons in an element. It is possible to identify the amount of protons for all of the elements listed with the use of a periodic table.
The amount of protons in an element is represented by its atomic number. The periodic table is listed in order of atomic number. A smaller atomic number equates to a fewer amount of protons in an element. It is possible to identify the amount of protons for all of the elements listed with the use of a periodic table.
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Which of the following values will decrease as you move left to right in a period of the periodic table?
Which of the following values will decrease as you move left to right in a period of the periodic table?
Moving left to right on the periodic table causes an increase in atomic number (number of protons) as well as electron affinity and electronegativity.
Atomic radius, however, will decrease when moving left to right. As more protons are added to the nucleus, they have a stronger attraction to the electrons. This pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus, resulting in a smaller atomic radius.
Moving left to right on the periodic table causes an increase in atomic number (number of protons) as well as electron affinity and electronegativity.
Atomic radius, however, will decrease when moving left to right. As more protons are added to the nucleus, they have a stronger attraction to the electrons. This pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus, resulting in a smaller atomic radius.
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Which of the following atoms is the largest?
Which of the following atoms is the largest?
Atom size is determined by the number of shells and how many protons and electrons are present in the atom. Any atom in a higher number period (row) is larger than any atom in a lower number period, since the number of electron shells increases as the number of the period increases. Within the same period, atoms get smaller as you move towards the right. This is because the atomic number increases, increasing the number of protons in the nucleus. These protons attract the surrounding electrons, pulling them in closer, and shrinking the total size of the atom.
In general, atomic radius will increase as you move down and to the left. This makes helium the smallest atom and francium the largest.
Atom size is determined by the number of shells and how many protons and electrons are present in the atom. Any atom in a higher number period (row) is larger than any atom in a lower number period, since the number of electron shells increases as the number of the period increases. Within the same period, atoms get smaller as you move towards the right. This is because the atomic number increases, increasing the number of protons in the nucleus. These protons attract the surrounding electrons, pulling them in closer, and shrinking the total size of the atom.
In general, atomic radius will increase as you move down and to the left. This makes helium the smallest atom and francium the largest.
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Which ion of nitrogen is the largest?
Which ion of nitrogen is the largest?
Ions of atoms vary in their size. When an atom gains electrons the atomic size increases, and when an atom loses electrons the atomic size decreases. Nitrogen with a formal charge of negative three will have the largest size because it has the most electrons. Remember that adding electrons will cause a negative ion, while removing electrons will cause a positive ion.
Ions of atoms vary in their size. When an atom gains electrons the atomic size increases, and when an atom loses electrons the atomic size decreases. Nitrogen with a formal charge of negative three will have the largest size because it has the most electrons. Remember that adding electrons will cause a negative ion, while removing electrons will cause a positive ion.
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Elements that have similar properties will have the same __________ on the periodic table.
Elements that have similar properties will have the same __________ on the periodic table.
The periodic table is set up so that we can quickly tell which elements will react in a similar chemical fashion. The elements from the same group, that is the same column, will have similar properties. This is due to the same number of valence electrons in the outer shell.
The periodic table is set up so that we can quickly tell which elements will react in a similar chemical fashion. The elements from the same group, that is the same column, will have similar properties. This is due to the same number of valence electrons in the outer shell.
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Elements from which group in the periodic table will have the lowest first ionization energies?
Elements from which group in the periodic table will have the lowest first ionization energies?
Ionization energy is the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom. Alkali metals only need to lose one electron in order to achieve the stable noble gas octet. As a result, the loss of this electron requires very little energy since the resulting ion is favorably stable. This property causes alkali metals (found in group I) to have the lowest first ionization energies.
Ionization energy is the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom. Alkali metals only need to lose one electron in order to achieve the stable noble gas octet. As a result, the loss of this electron requires very little energy since the resulting ion is favorably stable. This property causes alkali metals (found in group I) to have the lowest first ionization energies.
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How many valence electrons does the element oxygen have?
How many valence electrons does the element oxygen have?
For neutral atoms, the number of valence electrons is equal to the atom's main group number. According to the periodic table, oxygen is in group 6; therefore, it has 6 valence electrons in its outer shell.
For neutral atoms, the number of valence electrons is equal to the atom's main group number. According to the periodic table, oxygen is in group 6; therefore, it has 6 valence electrons in its outer shell.
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Which of the following is the most electronegative element?
Which of the following is the most electronegative element?
Generally speaking, as you go across a period and up a group on the periodic table, electronegativity increases. Fluorine is the most electronegative element, with a Pauling scale electronegativity ranking of approximately 4.0.
Generally speaking, as you go across a period and up a group on the periodic table, electronegativity increases. Fluorine is the most electronegative element, with a Pauling scale electronegativity ranking of approximately 4.0.
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Which of these elements is the most electronegative?
Which of these elements is the most electronegative?
Fluorine is the most electronegative element. The trend for electronegativity is as follows: electronegativity increases from left to right within a row and from bottom to top within a group of the periodic table.
Fluorine is the most electronegative element. The trend for electronegativity is as follows: electronegativity increases from left to right within a row and from bottom to top within a group of the periodic table.
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Which of these elements is the least electronegative?
Which of these elements is the least electronegative?
Francium is the least electronegative element. The trend for electronegativity is as follows: electronegativity increases from left to right within a row and from bottom to top within a group of the periodic table.
Francium is the least electronegative element. The trend for electronegativity is as follows: electronegativity increases from left to right within a row and from bottom to top within a group of the periodic table.
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Which of these elements has the largest atomic radius?
Which of these elements has the largest atomic radius?
The trend for atomic radius is as follows: atomic radius increases from right to left within a row and from top to bottom within a group on the periodic table.
The trend for atomic radius is as follows: atomic radius increases from right to left within a row and from top to bottom within a group on the periodic table.
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Which of these elements has the smallest atomic radius?
Which of these elements has the smallest atomic radius?
The trend for atomic radius is as follows: atomic radius increases from right to left within a row and from top to bottom within a group on the periodic table.
The trend for atomic radius is as follows: atomic radius increases from right to left within a row and from top to bottom within a group on the periodic table.
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Which of these elements has the greatest ionization energy?
Which of these elements has the greatest ionization energy?
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron. Noble gases are special because the have a full valence shell of electrons, which makes them the most stable elements, and to remove an electron requires a lot of energy. The trend for ionization energy is as follows: ionization energy increases from left to right within a row and from bottom to top within a group on the periodic table. All of the answer choices are in the same row of the periodic table, but fluorine is the furthest to the right. Thus fluorine has the greatest ionization energy.
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron. Noble gases are special because the have a full valence shell of electrons, which makes them the most stable elements, and to remove an electron requires a lot of energy. The trend for ionization energy is as follows: ionization energy increases from left to right within a row and from bottom to top within a group on the periodic table. All of the answer choices are in the same row of the periodic table, but fluorine is the furthest to the right. Thus fluorine has the greatest ionization energy.
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Which of these elements has the greatest ionization energy?
Which of these elements has the greatest ionization energy?
Lithium has the greatest ionization energy because it is the smallest of the options available. The smaller an element/atom is, the closer to the nucleus of the atom the valence electrons are. The closer valence electrons are to the center of an atom, the harder it us to take one away, because it's strongly attracted to the protons in the center of an atom. The trend for ionization energy is as follows: ionization energy increases from left to right within a row and from bottom to top within a group on the periodic table
Lithium has the greatest ionization energy because it is the smallest of the options available. The smaller an element/atom is, the closer to the nucleus of the atom the valence electrons are. The closer valence electrons are to the center of an atom, the harder it us to take one away, because it's strongly attracted to the protons in the center of an atom. The trend for ionization energy is as follows: ionization energy increases from left to right within a row and from bottom to top within a group on the periodic table
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