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AP Calculus AB Quiz

AP Calculus AB Quiz: Derivative Rules Of Constant Sum Difference

Practice Derivative Rules Of Constant Sum Difference in AP Calculus AB with focused quiz questions that help you check what you know, review explanations, and build confidence with test-style prompts.

Question 1 / 20

0 of 20 answered

Let f(x)=x44−x22+5f(x) = \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{x^2}{2} + 5f(x)=4x4​−2x2​+5. For which value of xxx does f′(x)=0f'(x) = 0f′(x)=0?

Select an answer to continue

What this quiz covers

This quiz focuses on Derivative Rules Of Constant Sum Difference, giving you a quick way to practice the rules, question types, and explanations that matter most for AP Calculus AB.

How to use this quiz

Try each quiz question before looking at the correct answer. Use the explanations to review missed ideas, then come back to similar questions until the pattern feels familiar.

All questions

Question 1

Let f(x)=x44−x22+5f(x) = \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{x^2}{2} + 5f(x)=4x4​−2x2​+5. For which value of xxx does f′(x)=0f'(x) = 0f′(x)=0?

  1. x=1x = 1x=1 (correct answer)
  2. x=2x = 2x=2
  3. x=4x = 4x=4
  4. x=5x = 5x=5

Explanation: First, find the derivative of f(x)f(x)f(x): f′(x)=14(4x3)−12(2x)+0=x3−xf'(x) = \frac{1}{4}(4x^3) - \frac{1}{2}(2x) + 0 = x^3 - xf′(x)=41​(4x3)−21​(2x)+0=x3−x. Now, set the derivative equal to zero: x3−x=0x^3 - x = 0x3−x=0. Factor out an xxx: x(x2−1)=0x(x^2 - 1) = 0x(x2−1)=0. This gives solutions x=0x=0x=0 and x2=1x^2=1x2=1, so x=−1,0,1x = -1, 0, 1x=−1,0,1. From the given choices, x=1x=1x=1 is a correct answer.

Question 2

If f(x)=5x3−2x2+x−9f(x) = 5x^3 - 2x^2 + x - 9f(x)=5x3−2x2+x−9, what is f′(x)f'(x)f′(x)?

  1. 15x2−4x+115x^2 - 4x + 115x2−4x+1 (correct answer)
  2. 15x2−4x15x^2 - 4x15x2−4x
  3. 5x2−2x+15x^2 - 2x + 15x2−2x+1
  4. 15x2−4x+1−915x^2 - 4x + 1 - 915x2−4x+1−9

Explanation: To find the derivative of f(x)f(x)f(x), we apply the power rule, sum/difference rule, and constant rule to each term. The derivative of 5x35x^35x3 is 15x215x^215x2. The derivative of −2x2-2x^2−2x2 is −4x-4x−4x. The derivative of xxx is 111. The derivative of the constant −9-9−9 is 000. Combining these gives f′(x)=15x2−4x+1f'(x) = 15x^2 - 4x + 1f′(x)=15x2−4x+1.

Question 3

The position of a particle moving along the x-axis is given by p(t)=t3−6t2+5p(t) = t^3 - 6t^2 + 5p(t)=t3−6t2+5 for time t≥0t \ge 0t≥0. What is the velocity of the particle at the instant its acceleration is zero?

  1. −12-12−12 (correct answer)
  2. 222
  3. −11-11−11
  4. 000

Explanation: The velocity function is the first derivative of the position function: v(t)=p′(t)=3t2−12tv(t) = p'(t) = 3t^2 - 12tv(t)=p′(t)=3t2−12t. The acceleration function is the second derivative of the position function: a(t)=p′′(t)=6t−12a(t) = p''(t) = 6t - 12a(t)=p′′(t)=6t−12. To find when the acceleration is zero, set a(t)=0a(t) = 0a(t)=0: 6t−12=06t - 12 = 06t−12=0, which gives t=2t = 2t=2. To find the velocity at this time, substitute t=2t=2t=2 into the velocity function: v(2)=3(2)2−12(2)=3(4)−24=12−24=−12v(2) = 3(2)^2 - 12(2) = 3(4) - 24 = 12 - 24 = -12v(2)=3(2)2−12(2)=3(4)−24=12−24=−12.

Question 4

What is the derivative of f(x)=(2x−3)2f(x) = (2x - 3)^2f(x)=(2x−3)2?

  1. 8x−128x - 128x−12 (correct answer)
  2. 2(2x−3)2(2x - 3)2(2x−3)
  3. 4x−64x - 64x−6
  4. 8x8x8x

Explanation: First, expand the expression for f(x)f(x)f(x): f(x)=(2x−3)(2x−3)=4x2−6x−6x+9=4x2−12x+9f(x) = (2x - 3)(2x - 3) = 4x^2 - 6x - 6x + 9 = 4x^2 - 12x + 9f(x)=(2x−3)(2x−3)=4x2−6x−6x+9=4x2−12x+9. Now, differentiate the expanded polynomial term by term: f'(x) = rac{d}{dx}(4x^2 - 12x + 9) = 8x - 12.

Question 5

If h(x)=f(x)+g(x)h(x) = f(x) + g(x)h(x)=f(x)+g(x), where fff and ggg are differentiable functions, and the line tangent to the graph of fff at x=3x=3x=3 is y=2x−1y = 2x - 1y=2x−1 and the line tangent to the graph of ggg at x=3x=3x=3 is y=−x+7y = -x + 7y=−x+7, what is h′(3)h'(3)h′(3)?

  1. 111 (correct answer)
  2. 333
  3. 666
  4. 999

Explanation: The derivative of a function at a point is the slope of the tangent line at that point. From the equation of the tangent line to fff, y=2x−1y = 2x - 1y=2x−1, the slope is 2. So, f′(3)=2f'(3) = 2f′(3)=2. From the equation of the tangent line to ggg, y=−x+7y = -x + 7y=−x+7, the slope is -1. So, g′(3)=−1g'(3) = -1g′(3)=−1. Using the sum rule for derivatives, h′(x)=f′(x)+g′(x)h'(x) = f'(x) + g'(x)h′(x)=f′(x)+g′(x). Therefore, h′(3)=f′(3)+g′(3)=2+(−1)=1h'(3) = f'(3) + g'(3) = 2 + (-1) = 1h′(3)=f′(3)+g′(3)=2+(−1)=1.

Question 6

Let fff and ggg be differentiable functions. If h(x)=4f(x)−3g(x)+2h(x) = 4f(x) - 3g(x) + 2h(x)=4f(x)−3g(x)+2, and it is known that f′(2)=5f'(2) = 5f′(2)=5 and g′(2)=−1g'(2) = -1g′(2)=−1, what is the value of h′(2)h'(2)h′(2)?

  1. 232323 (correct answer)
  2. 171717
  3. 252525
  4. 141414

Explanation: First, find the derivative of h(x)h(x)h(x) using the sum, difference, and constant multiple rules. h′(x)=4f′(x)−3g′(x)+0h'(x) = 4f'(x) - 3g'(x) + 0h′(x)=4f′(x)−3g′(x)+0. Now, substitute x=2x=2x=2 into the expression for h′(x)h'(x)h′(x): h′(2)=4f′(2)−3g′(2)h'(2) = 4f'(2) - 3g'(2)h′(2)=4f′(2)−3g′(2). Using the given values, h′(2)=4(5)−3(−1)=20+3=23h'(2) = 4(5) - 3(-1) = 20 + 3 = 23h′(2)=4(5)−3(−1)=20+3=23.

Question 7

Let f(t)=9t3−2t2−6t+1f(t)=9t^3-2t^2-6t+1f(t)=9t3−2t2−6t+1. What is f′(t)f'(t)f′(t)?

  1. 27t2−4t−627t^2-4t-627t2−4t−6 (correct answer)
  2. 27t3−4t2−6t27t^3-4t^2-6t27t3−4t2−6t
  3. 9t3−2t2−6t+19t^3-2t^2-6t+19t3−2t2−6t+1
  4. 9t2−2t−69t^2-2t-69t2−2t−6
  5. 27t2−4t−527t^2-4t-527t2−4t−5

Explanation: Linearity rules allow us to handle the sum and differences in f(t) by differentiating individually with the constant multiple rule. For f(t) = 9t^3 - 2t^2 - 6t + 1, apply the power rule to every term. The derivative of 9t^3 is 27t^2, of -2t^2 is -4t, of -6t is -6, and of 1 is 0. Therefore, f'(t) = 27t^2 - 4t - 6, corresponding to choice A. A common rule misuse is applying the power rule without multiplying by the exponent, e.g., t^3 to t^2 instead of 3t^2. Another is ignoring negative signs in differences. A transferable strategy is to process each term with d/dx (c x^n) = c n x^{n-1}, remember constants vanish, and maintain sign integrity in the final expression.

Question 8

Let f(x)=3x2−7f(x) = 3x^2 - 7f(x)=3x2−7 and g(x)=5x+2g(x) = 5x + 2g(x)=5x+2. If h(x)=2f(x)−3g(x)+4h(x) = 2f(x) - 3g(x) + 4h(x)=2f(x)−3g(x)+4, what is h′(x)h'(x)h′(x)?

  1. 12x−1512x - 1512x−15 (correct answer)
  2. 6x−156x - 156x−15
  3. 12x−1112x - 1112x−11
  4. 6x−116x - 116x−11

Explanation: Using the constant multiple, sum, and difference rules: h(x)=2(3x2−7)−3(5x+2)+4=6x2−14−15x−6+4=6x2−15x−16h(x) = 2(3x^2 - 7) - 3(5x + 2) + 4 = 6x^2 - 14 - 15x - 6 + 4 = 6x^2 - 15x - 16h(x)=2(3x2−7)−3(5x+2)+4=6x2−14−15x−6+4=6x2−15x−16. Therefore, h′(x)=12x−15h'(x) = 12x - 15h′(x)=12x−15. Choice B incorrectly uses coefficient 6 instead of 12 for the xxx term. Choice C forgets the −3g(x)-3g(x)−3g(x) term in the constant. Choice D makes both errors.

Question 9

Let P(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+dP(x) = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + dP(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+d where aaa, bbb, ccc, and ddd are constants. If ddx[P(x)+Q(x)]=6x2−4x+7\frac{d}{dx}[P(x) + Q(x)] = 6x^2 - 4x + 7dxd​[P(x)+Q(x)]=6x2−4x+7 and Q′(x)=2x2+x−3Q'(x) = 2x^2 + x - 3Q′(x)=2x2+x−3, what is P′(x)P'(x)P′(x)?

  1. 8x2−3x+108x^2 - 3x + 108x2−3x+10
  2. 4x2−5x+44x^2 - 5x + 44x2−5x+4
  3. 8x2−3x+48x^2 - 3x + 48x2−3x+4
  4. 4x2−5x+104x^2 - 5x + 104x2−5x+10 (correct answer)

Explanation: When you encounter problems involving derivatives of sums, remember that the derivative of a sum equals the sum of derivatives: ddx[P(x)+Q(x)]=P′(x)+Q′(x)\frac{d}{dx}[P(x) + Q(x)] = P'(x) + Q'(x)dxd​[P(x)+Q(x)]=P′(x)+Q′(x). This fundamental property is key to solving this problem. Since you know that ddx[P(x)+Q(x)]=6x2−4x+7\frac{d}{dx}[P(x) + Q(x)] = 6x^2 - 4x + 7dxd​[P(x)+Q(x)]=6x2−4x+7 and Q′(x)=2x2+x−3Q'(x) = 2x^2 + x - 3Q′(x)=2x2+x−3, you can substitute into the sum rule: P′(x)+Q′(x)=6x2−4x+7P'(x) + Q'(x) = 6x^2 - 4x + 7P′(x)+Q′(x)=6x2−4x+7. Therefore, P′(x)+(2x2+x−3)=6x2−4x+7P'(x) + (2x^2 + x - 3) = 6x^2 - 4x + 7P′(x)+(2x2+x−3)=6x2−4x+7. Solving for P′(x)P'(x)P′(x): P′(x)=(6x2−4x+7)−(2x2+x−3)=6x2−4x+7−2x2−x+3=4x2−5x+10P'(x) = (6x^2 - 4x + 7) - (2x^2 + x - 3) = 6x^2 - 4x + 7 - 2x^2 - x + 3 = 4x^2 - 5x + 10P′(x)=(6x2−4x+7)−(2x2+x−3)=6x2−4x+7−2x2−x+3=4x2−5x+10. This confirms answer choice D. Choice A (8x2−3x+108x^2 - 3x + 108x2−3x+10) results from incorrectly adding P′(x)+Q′(x)P'(x) + Q'(x)P′(x)+Q′(x) instead of subtracting Q′(x)Q'(x)Q′(x). Choice B (4x2−5x+44x^2 - 5x + 44x2−5x+4) shows correct coefficient work for the x2x^2x2 and xxx terms but an error in the constant term (7−(−3)=107 - (-3) = 107−(−3)=10, not 444). Choice C (8x2−3x+48x^2 - 3x + 48x2−3x+4) combines both mistakes: adding instead of subtracting the polynomial terms AND miscalculating the constant. Always remember: when you have f′(x)+g′(x)=h′(x)f'(x) + g'(x) = h'(x)f′(x)+g′(x)=h′(x) and need to find one derivative, isolate it by subtracting the known derivative from both sides. Double-check your arithmetic, especially with signs when subtracting polynomials.

Question 10

If F(x)=αf(x)+βg(x)+γF(x) = \alpha f(x) + \beta g(x) + \gammaF(x)=αf(x)+βg(x)+γ where α\alphaα, β\betaβ, γ\gammaγ are nonzero constants, and it's known that F′(x)=0F'(x) = 0F′(x)=0 for all xxx, which of the following must be true?

  1. f(x)=g(x)=0f(x) = g(x) = 0f(x)=g(x)=0 for all xxx
  2. f′(x)=g′(x)=0f'(x) = g'(x) = 0f′(x)=g′(x)=0 for all xxx
  3. αf′(x)+βg′(x)=0\alpha f'(x) + \beta g'(x) = 0αf′(x)+βg′(x)=0 for all xxx (correct answer)
  4. α=β=γ=0\alpha = \beta = \gamma = 0α=β=γ=0

Explanation: Since F′(x)=αf′(x)+βg′(x)+0=αf′(x)+βg′(x)F'(x) = \alpha f'(x) + \beta g'(x) + 0 = \alpha f'(x) + \beta g'(x)F′(x)=αf′(x)+βg′(x)+0=αf′(x)+βg′(x) (the derivative of constant γ\gammaγ is 0), and F′(x)=0F'(x) = 0F′(x)=0 for all xxx, we must have αf′(x)+βg′(x)=0\alpha f'(x) + \beta g'(x) = 0αf′(x)+βg′(x)=0 for all xxx. Choice A confuses functions with their derivatives. Choice B is too restrictive; the individual derivatives need not be zero. Choice D contradicts the given that the constants are nonzero.

Question 11

If y=2x2−πx+e+13y = \sqrt{2}x^2 - \pi x + e + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}y=2​x2−πx+e+3​1​, then dydx\frac{dy}{dx}dxdy​ equals:

  1. 22x−π+1232\sqrt{2}x - \pi + \frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}22​x−π+23​1​
  2. 22x−π+e2\sqrt{2}x - \pi + e22​x−π+e
  3. 22x−π2\sqrt{2}x - \pi22​x−π (correct answer)
  4. 2x−π+e\sqrt{2}x - \pi + e2​x−π+e

Explanation: Using the power rule and constant rule: ddx[2x2]=2⋅2x=22x\frac{d}{dx}[\sqrt{2}x^2] = \sqrt{2} \cdot 2x = 2\sqrt{2}xdxd​[2​x2]=2​⋅2x=22​x, ddx[−πx]=−π\frac{d}{dx}[-\pi x] = -\pidxd​[−πx]=−π, and ddx[e+13]=0\frac{d}{dx}[e + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}] = 0dxd​[e+3​1​]=0 since both eee and 13\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}3​1​ are constants. Choice A incorrectly differentiates the constant 13\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}3​1​. Choice B incorrectly keeps eee as non-zero. Choice D uses wrong coefficient for x2x^2x2 term and keeps constant eee.

Question 12

The function f(x)=k1g1(x)+k2g2(x)+k3g3(x)f(x) = k_1g_1(x) + k_2g_2(x) + k_3g_3(x)f(x)=k1​g1​(x)+k2​g2​(x)+k3​g3​(x) where k1=3k_1 = 3k1​=3, k2=−2k_2 = -2k2​=−2, k3=5k_3 = 5k3​=5, g1′(x)=4xg_1'(x) = 4xg1′​(x)=4x, g2′(x)=−x2g_2'(x) = -x^2g2′​(x)=−x2, and g3′(x)=7g_3'(x) = 7g3′​(x)=7. What is f′(x)f'(x)f′(x)?

  1. 12x+2x2−3512x + 2x^2 - 3512x+2x2−35
  2. 12x+2x2+3512x + 2x^2 + 3512x+2x2+35 (correct answer)
  3. 12x−2x2+3512x - 2x^2 + 3512x−2x2+35
  4. 12x−2x2−3512x - 2x^2 - 3512x−2x2−35

Explanation: When you encounter a function that's a linear combination of other functions, you're dealing with one of calculus's most fundamental properties: the linearity of derivatives. The derivative of a sum equals the sum of derivatives, and constants can be factored out. To find f′(x)f'(x)f′(x), you need to differentiate each term separately. Since f(x)=3g1(x)−2g2(x)+5g3(x)f(x) = 3g_1(x) - 2g_2(x) + 5g_3(x)f(x)=3g1​(x)−2g2​(x)+5g3​(x), we have: f′(x)=3g1′(x)−2g2′(x)+5g3′(x)f'(x) = 3g_1'(x) - 2g_2'(x) + 5g_3'(x)f′(x)=3g1′​(x)−2g2′​(x)+5g3′​(x) Substituting the given derivatives: f′(x)=3(4x)−2(−x2)+5(7)f'(x) = 3(4x) - 2(-x^2) + 5(7)f′(x)=3(4x)−2(−x2)+5(7) f′(x)=12x+2x2+35f'(x) = 12x + 2x^2 + 35f′(x)=12x+2x2+35 This matches answer choice B. Let's examine why the other options are incorrect: Choice A (12x+2x2−3512x + 2x^2 - 3512x+2x2−35) incorrectly makes the constant term negative, likely from mishandling k3⋅g3′(x)=5⋅7=35k_3 \cdot g_3'(x) = 5 \cdot 7 = 35k3​⋅g3′​(x)=5⋅7=35. Choice C (12x−2x2+3512x - 2x^2 + 3512x−2x2+35) makes the x2x^2x2 term negative, suggesting confusion about the double negative: k2⋅g2′(x)=(−2)⋅(−x2)=+2x2k_2 \cdot g_2'(x) = (-2) \cdot (-x^2) = +2x^2k2​⋅g2′​(x)=(−2)⋅(−x2)=+2x2. Choice D (12x−2x2−3512x - 2x^2 - 3512x−2x2−35) combines both errors from A and C, getting both the x2x^2x2 and constant terms wrong. Study tip: When differentiating linear combinations, work systematically through each term and pay extra attention to signs. Double negatives are common sources of error—when you see (−2)×(−x2)(-2) \times (-x^2)(−2)×(−x2), remember that negative times negative equals positive.

Question 13

Let F(x)=3x3−4x2+5x−6F(x)=3x^3-4x^2+5x-6F(x)=3x3−4x2+5x−6. What is the derivative F′(x)F'(x)F′(x)?

  1. 9x2−8x+59x^2-8x+59x2−8x+5 (correct answer)
  2. 9x3−8x2+5x9x^3-8x^2+5x9x3−8x2+5x
  3. 3x3−4x2+5x−63x^3-4x^2+5x-63x3−4x2+5x−6
  4. 3x2−8x+53x^2-8x+53x2−8x+5
  5. 9x2−8x−69x^2-8x-69x2−8x−6

Explanation: Linearity rules allow independent differentiation of terms in F(x) = 3x^3 - 4x^2 + 5x - 6. Derivative of 3x^3 is 9x^2, of -4x^2 is -8x, of 5x is 5, of -6 is 0. Thus, F'(x) = 9x^2 - 8x + 5. A common misuse is subtracting instead of adding derivatives in sums. Constants are often incorrectly included. Decompose using linearity and apply power rule to each term for accuracy.

Question 14

Let G(x)=−6x2+13x−15G(x)= -6x^2+13x-15G(x)=−6x2+13x−15. What is the derivative G′(x)G'(x)G′(x)?

  1. −12x+13-12x+13−12x+13 (correct answer)
  2. −12x2+13x-12x^2+13x−12x2+13x
  3. −6x2+13x−15-6x^2+13x-15−6x2+13x−15
  4. −6x+13-6x+13−6x+13
  5. −12x−15-12x-15−12x−15

Explanation: The sum and difference rules of linearity allow term-by-term differentiation of polynomials. For G(x) = -6x^2 + 13x - 15, derivative of -6x^2 is -12x, of 13x is 13, and of -15 is 0. Thus, G'(x) = -12x + 13. A common misuse is including the constant's derivative as nonzero, like adding -15. Signs on linear terms must be preserved accurately. For quadratic functions, use linearity to differentiate each power separately, ensuring constants are ignored.

Question 15

A function is y(t)=13t2+4t+9y(t)=13t^2+4t+9y(t)=13t2+4t+9. What is y′(t)y'(t)y′(t)?

  1. 26t+426t+426t+4 (correct answer)
  2. 26t2+4t26t^2+4t26t2+4t
  3. 13t2+4t+913t^2+4t+913t2+4t+9
  4. 13t+413t+413t+4
  5. 26t+926t+926t+9

Explanation: Linearity rules facilitate term-by-term differentiation for y(t) = 13t^2 + 4t + 9. Derivative of 13t^2 is 26t, of 4t is 4, of +9 is 0. Thus, y'(t) = 26t + 4. A common misuse is including the constant in the derivative, like adding 9. Linear terms are sometimes overlooked. For quadratics, apply sum rules and power rule individually to each term.

Question 16

Let N(x)=5x4+7x3−14x+9N(x)=5x^4+7x^3-14x+9N(x)=5x4+7x3−14x+9. What is N′(x)N'(x)N′(x)?

  1. 20x3+21x2−1420x^3+21x^2-1420x3+21x2−14 (correct answer)
  2. 20x4+21x3−14x20x^4+21x^3-14x20x4+21x3−14x
  3. 5x4+7x3−14x+95x^4+7x^3-14x+95x4+7x3−14x+9
  4. 5x3+21x2−145x^3+21x^2-145x3+21x2−14
  5. 20x3+21x2+920x^3+21x^2+920x3+21x2+9

Explanation: Linearity rules facilitate term-by-term differentiation for N(x) with sums and multiples. For N(x) = 5x^4 + 7x^3 - 14x + 9, use the power rule. The derivative of 5x^4 is 20x^3, of 7x^3 is 21x^2, of -14x is -14, and of 9 is 0. Therefore, N'(x) = 20x^3 + 21x^2 - 14, which is choice A. A common misuse is forgetting multiplication for cubic terms. Some include constants. A transferable strategy is to sequence terms, apply d/dx (c x^n) = c n x^{n-1}, and combine using linearity.

Question 17

A rate function is r(t)=−9t4+10t2+7t−3r(t)= -9t^4+10t^2+7t-3r(t)=−9t4+10t2+7t−3. What is r′(t)r'(t)r′(t)?

  1. −36t3+20t+7-36t^3+20t+7−36t3+20t+7 (correct answer)
  2. −36t4+20t2+7t-36t^4+20t^2+7t−36t4+20t2+7t
  3. −9t4+10t2+7t−3-9t^4+10t^2+7t-3−9t4+10t2+7t−3
  4. −9t3+20t+7-9t^3+20t+7−9t3+20t+7
  5. −36t3+20t−3-36t^3+20t-3−36t3+20t−3

Explanation: The rate function uses linearity rules to differentiate terms independently with differences and multiples. For r(t) = -9t^4 + 10t^2 + 7t - 3, use the power rule. The derivative of -9t^4 is -36t^3, of 10t^2 is 20t, of 7t is 7, and of -3 is 0. Therefore, r'(t) = -36t^3 + 20t + 7, which is choice A. Common misuse is forgetting to multiply by the power for even degrees. Some keep the constant. A transferable strategy is to apply d/dx (c x^n) = c n x^{n-1} to each, preserve signs from differences, and ignore constants in the sum.

Question 18

For S(x)=10x5−5x4+4x3−1S(x)=10x^5-5x^4+4x^3-1S(x)=10x5−5x4+4x3−1, what is S′(x)S'(x)S′(x)?

  1. 50x4−20x3+12x250x^4-20x^3+12x^250x4−20x3+12x2 (correct answer)
  2. 50x5−20x4+12x350x^5-20x^4+12x^350x5−20x4+12x3
  3. 10x5−5x4+4x3−110x^5-5x^4+4x^3-110x5−5x4+4x3−1
  4. 10x4−20x3+12x210x^4-20x^3+12x^210x4−20x3+12x2
  5. 50x4−5x3+12x250x^4-5x^3+12x^250x4−5x3+12x2

Explanation: The linearity of differentiation allows us to compute the derivative of a polynomial by differentiating each term separately and respecting constant multiples. For S(x) = 10x^5 - 5x^4 + 4x^3 - 1, apply the power rule to each term: the derivative of ax^n is a n x^{n-1}. Thus, the derivative of 10x^5 is 50x^4, of -5x^4 is -20x^3, of 4x^3 is 12x^2, and the constant -1 has derivative 0. Therefore, S'(x) = 50x^4 - 20x^3 + 12x^2. A common misuse is forgetting that the derivative of a constant is zero, leading to incorrectly including terms like -1 in the derivative. Another error is mishandling the constant multiple, such as not multiplying the coefficient by the exponent. For differentiating polynomials, always break down into individual terms, apply the power rule with linearity, and confirm constants vanish.

Question 19

Let y(x)=11x9+3x5−x+8y(x)=11x^9+3x^5-x+8y(x)=11x9+3x5−x+8. What is y′(x)y'(x)y′(x)?

  1. 99x8+15x4−199x^8+15x^4-199x8+15x4−1 (correct answer)
  2. 99x9+15x5−x99x^9+15x^5-x99x9+15x5−x
  3. 11x9+3x5−x+811x^9+3x^5-x+811x9+3x5−x+8
  4. 11x8+15x4−111x^8+15x^4-111x8+15x4−1
  5. 99x8+15x5−199x^8+15x^5-199x8+15x5−1

Explanation: Linearity of differentiation supports separate term handling for y(x) with sum and constant multiple rules. For y(x) = 11x^9 + 3x^5 - x + 8, apply the power rule. The derivative of 11x^9 is 99x^8, of 3x^5 is 15x^4, of -x is -1, and of 8 is 0. So, y'(x) = 99x^8 + 15x^4 - 1, matching choice A. A common rule misuse is incorrect coefficient calculation for high powers like 11*9=99. Another is deriving -x as 0. A transferable strategy is to compute large coefficients accurately, apply d/dx (c x^n) = c n x^{n-1}, and assemble using linearity.

Question 20

Let f(x)=−2x4−9x3+6x2−1f(x)= -2x^4-9x^3+6x^2-1f(x)=−2x4−9x3+6x2−1. What is f′(x)f'(x)f′(x)?

  1. −8x3−27x2+12x-8x^3-27x^2+12x−8x3−27x2+12x (correct answer)
  2. −8x4−27x3+12x2-8x^4-27x^3+12x^2−8x4−27x3+12x2
  3. −2x4−9x3+6x2−1-2x^4-9x^3+6x^2-1−2x4−9x3+6x2−1
  4. −2x3−27x2+12x-2x^3-27x^2+12x−2x3−27x2+12x
  5. −8x3−27x2−1-8x^3-27x^2-1−8x3−27x2−1

Explanation: Using linearity, compute f'(x) for f(x) = -2x^4 - 9x^3 + 6x^2 - 1 by differentiating each term. Derivative of -2x^4 is -8x^3, of -9x^3 is -27x^2, of 6x^2 is 12x, of -1 is 0. Thus, f'(x) = -8x^3 - 27x^2 + 12x. A common misuse is ignoring negative signs, turning terms positive incorrectly. Constants are often mistakenly differentiated. Break polynomials into sums and use power rule per term with linearity for reliable outcomes.