Reproductive System - AP Biology
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Which part of the male reproductive system is responsible for sperm storage and maturation?
Which part of the male reproductive system is responsible for sperm storage and maturation?
Sperm cells are stored and mature in the epididymis until they are transported to the urethra through the vas deferens. The testes are the site of sperm production, while the seminal vesicles produce fluids that are later incorporated into semen.
Sperm cells are stored and mature in the epididymis until they are transported to the urethra through the vas deferens. The testes are the site of sperm production, while the seminal vesicles produce fluids that are later incorporated into semen.
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Which of the following glands contribute to the production of semen?
Which of the following glands contribute to the production of semen?
The seminal vesicles secrete seminal fluid to promote and nourish sperm as they are released. The bulbourethral glands secrete a component of seminal fluid, while the prostate gland secretes alkaline fluid.
The seminal vesicles secrete seminal fluid to promote and nourish sperm as they are released. The bulbourethral glands secrete a component of seminal fluid, while the prostate gland secretes alkaline fluid.
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Which of the following is responsible for the production of germ cells?
Which of the following is responsible for the production of germ cells?
"Germ cells" is simply another term for gametes, and thus refers to either sperm or ovum.
Ovum are produced in the ovaries. After production, the fallopian tubes propel ovum to the uterus using the movement of cilia. The endometrium is the lining of the uterus, and allows for implantation of a fertilized ovum.
"Germ cells" is simply another term for gametes, and thus refers to either sperm or ovum.
Ovum are produced in the ovaries. After production, the fallopian tubes propel ovum to the uterus using the movement of cilia. The endometrium is the lining of the uterus, and allows for implantation of a fertilized ovum.
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Where does fertilization typically take place in the female?
Where does fertilization typically take place in the female?
In the majority of cases, fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes of the female. The egg is released from the ovary and travels into the fallopian tube during ovulation. Sperm travel to the fallopian tube to fertilize the egg, creating a zygote. The zygote begins to divide, forming a blastocyst before it reaches the uterus where it becomes embedded in the endometrium via the process of implantation. Certain pregnancy complications can arise if the blastocyst implants while still in the fallopian tube, resulting in ectopic pregnancy.
In the majority of cases, fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes of the female. The egg is released from the ovary and travels into the fallopian tube during ovulation. Sperm travel to the fallopian tube to fertilize the egg, creating a zygote. The zygote begins to divide, forming a blastocyst before it reaches the uterus where it becomes embedded in the endometrium via the process of implantation. Certain pregnancy complications can arise if the blastocyst implants while still in the fallopian tube, resulting in ectopic pregnancy.
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What is the site of sperm maturation and storage in males?
What is the site of sperm maturation and storage in males?
Sperm is created in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. It is then transported to the epididymis, where it will mature and be stored prior to ejaculation.
Sperm is created in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. It is then transported to the epididymis, where it will mature and be stored prior to ejaculation.
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The epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra are a series of ducts found in which body system?
The epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra are a series of ducts found in which body system?
The male reproductive system consists of a series of ducts, which includes the epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra. The epididymis is a coiled tube attached to the testis, which receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules. The vas deferens connects the epididymis with the urethra, which in turn conducts sperm to the tip of the penis.
The male reproductive system consists of a series of ducts, which includes the epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra. The epididymis is a coiled tube attached to the testis, which receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules. The vas deferens connects the epididymis with the urethra, which in turn conducts sperm to the tip of the penis.
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What term refers to the finger-like folds that line the fallopian tubes?
What term refers to the finger-like folds that line the fallopian tubes?
In female mammals, the fimbriae are finger-like projections that sweep the ovulated egg from the ovary into the oviduct.
Villi are found in the digestive tract and work to increase surface area for more efficient absorption of nutrients. Flagella are threadlike structures that provide motility for sperm. Microtubules are composed of the protein tubulin, and are used in the construction of cilia and flagella. The endoderm is the innermost embryonic tissue layer, which develops to form the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts.
In female mammals, the fimbriae are finger-like projections that sweep the ovulated egg from the ovary into the oviduct.
Villi are found in the digestive tract and work to increase surface area for more efficient absorption of nutrients. Flagella are threadlike structures that provide motility for sperm. Microtubules are composed of the protein tubulin, and are used in the construction of cilia and flagella. The endoderm is the innermost embryonic tissue layer, which develops to form the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts.
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Where does the human body store spermatozoa?
Where does the human body store spermatozoa?
Spermatozoa are stored in the epididymis prior to ejaculation. Prior to entering the epididymis, spermatozoa are immotile; however, as they travel through the epididymis the cells mature and gain motility.
Spermatozoa are stored in the epididymis prior to ejaculation. Prior to entering the epididymis, spermatozoa are immotile; however, as they travel through the epididymis the cells mature and gain motility.
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Which answer best explains why each primary spermatocyte cell (2n) results in the eventual production of four spermatids (n), while each oogonium cell (2n) results in the eventual production of only one active egg cell (n)?
Which answer best explains why each primary spermatocyte cell (2n) results in the eventual production of four spermatids (n), while each oogonium cell (2n) results in the eventual production of only one active egg cell (n)?
Spermatogenesis is a continuous process starting at puberty. Sperm production takes place in the seminiferous tubules. There, each spermatogonium cell (2n) divides equally via mitosis to produce two identical primary spermatocytes (2n). Each primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis I to produce two equally sized secondary spermatocytes (n). Each secondary spermatocyte then undergoes meiosis II to produce a total of four spermatids (n). The spermatids differentiate before moving to the epididymis.
Oogenesis, on the other hand, begins prior to birth and is a stop-start process. While still within the embryo, each oogonium (2n) produces two identical primary oocytes (2n) via mitosis; the primary oocytes remain dormant in small ovarian follicles until puberty. After the onset of puberty, hormones periodically stimulate the follicles to complete meiosis I and produce secondary oocytes (n). It is important to note, however, that meiosis I produces only one secondary oocyte—the other "daughter cell" is actually the first polar body, which is almost always rapidly degraded (though sometimes this polar body also undergoes meiosis II and produces a third polar body). This occurs because the primary oocyte divides unevenly, leaving the secondary oocyte with virtually all of the cytoplasm during cytokinesis. Secondary oocytes are released during ovulation, but they do not complete meiosis II until fertilization, when they are penetrated by a sperm. Meiosis II results in another polar body, again due to uneven division of cytoplasm during cytokinesis.
Spermatogenesis is a continuous process starting at puberty. Sperm production takes place in the seminiferous tubules. There, each spermatogonium cell (2n) divides equally via mitosis to produce two identical primary spermatocytes (2n). Each primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis I to produce two equally sized secondary spermatocytes (n). Each secondary spermatocyte then undergoes meiosis II to produce a total of four spermatids (n). The spermatids differentiate before moving to the epididymis.
Oogenesis, on the other hand, begins prior to birth and is a stop-start process. While still within the embryo, each oogonium (2n) produces two identical primary oocytes (2n) via mitosis; the primary oocytes remain dormant in small ovarian follicles until puberty. After the onset of puberty, hormones periodically stimulate the follicles to complete meiosis I and produce secondary oocytes (n). It is important to note, however, that meiosis I produces only one secondary oocyte—the other "daughter cell" is actually the first polar body, which is almost always rapidly degraded (though sometimes this polar body also undergoes meiosis II and produces a third polar body). This occurs because the primary oocyte divides unevenly, leaving the secondary oocyte with virtually all of the cytoplasm during cytokinesis. Secondary oocytes are released during ovulation, but they do not complete meiosis II until fertilization, when they are penetrated by a sperm. Meiosis II results in another polar body, again due to uneven division of cytoplasm during cytokinesis.
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Mitosis and meiosis differ in that mitosis produces cells with genetic material, whereas meiosis produces cells with genetic material.
Mitosis and meiosis differ in that mitosis produces cells with genetic material, whereas meiosis produces cells with genetic material.
During mitosis cells divide a single time and retain the exact same genetic material, producing two identical copies of the parent cell. During meiosis, cells divide twice and cross over during anaphase I. This produces a unique combination of chromosomes (recombinants) not seen in the parent cell.
During mitosis cells divide a single time and retain the exact same genetic material, producing two identical copies of the parent cell. During meiosis, cells divide twice and cross over during anaphase I. This produces a unique combination of chromosomes (recombinants) not seen in the parent cell.
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Which term refers to the formation of egg cells that begins in the developing ovaries of a female fetus?
Which term refers to the formation of egg cells that begins in the developing ovaries of a female fetus?
The mature human ovum is formed through the developmental process known as oogenesis, which takes place during the first three months of fetal development. Ovarian follicles each contain one oogonium, which becomes a primary oocyte, then a secondary oocyte. No further division occurs until puberty.
Mitosis is a type of nuclear division in which one copy of each chromosome moves into each of two daughter nuclei to create identical daughter cells. Meiosis is also a type of cell division, in which a diploid cell divides twice to produce four haploid cells. Ovulation is the release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary, and fertilization is the union of a male sperm and female egg to produce a zygote.
The mature human ovum is formed through the developmental process known as oogenesis, which takes place during the first three months of fetal development. Ovarian follicles each contain one oogonium, which becomes a primary oocyte, then a secondary oocyte. No further division occurs until puberty.
Mitosis is a type of nuclear division in which one copy of each chromosome moves into each of two daughter nuclei to create identical daughter cells. Meiosis is also a type of cell division, in which a diploid cell divides twice to produce four haploid cells. Ovulation is the release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary, and fertilization is the union of a male sperm and female egg to produce a zygote.
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Spermatogenesis is the production of sperm by the process of , followed by differentiation.
Spermatogenesis is the production of sperm by the process of , followed by differentiation.
During spermatogenesis, spermatogonia become primary spermatocytes, then seconday spermatocytes. These divide to form two spermatids, which transform into functional spermatozoa. Through the process of meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced from the diploid number (46) to the haploid number (23).
Mitosis refers to the replication of somatic cells, creating identical daughter cells from a diploid parent. Migration occurs as the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids move from the outermost edge of the seminiferous tube to the central cavity of the tuble. Proliferation is the repeated reproduction of new parts. Gametogenesis is defined as the development of gametes.
During spermatogenesis, spermatogonia become primary spermatocytes, then seconday spermatocytes. These divide to form two spermatids, which transform into functional spermatozoa. Through the process of meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced from the diploid number (46) to the haploid number (23).
Mitosis refers to the replication of somatic cells, creating identical daughter cells from a diploid parent. Migration occurs as the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids move from the outermost edge of the seminiferous tube to the central cavity of the tuble. Proliferation is the repeated reproduction of new parts. Gametogenesis is defined as the development of gametes.
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In humans the gametes are produced in .
In humans the gametes are produced in .
Gametes are the haploid sex cells that are produced in the gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males). These are the primary sex organs.
Gametes are the haploid sex cells that are produced in the gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males). These are the primary sex organs.
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A human cell from the ovary has 22 chromosomes and an X chromosome. It is .
A human cell from the ovary has 22 chromosomes and an X chromosome. It is .
A cell with 22 chromosomes and 1 sex chromosome is clearly haploid (n=23) and so it must be a sex cell and not a somatic cell (2n=46). Since both male and female gametes may contain an X chromosome, that information is not enough to tell us whether this cell comes from a male of female. However, since we are told the cell came from the ovary, we know it is the female gamete, an ovum. A muscle cell is a type of somatic cell, all of which are diploid.
A cell with 22 chromosomes and 1 sex chromosome is clearly haploid (n=23) and so it must be a sex cell and not a somatic cell (2n=46). Since both male and female gametes may contain an X chromosome, that information is not enough to tell us whether this cell comes from a male of female. However, since we are told the cell came from the ovary, we know it is the female gamete, an ovum. A muscle cell is a type of somatic cell, all of which are diploid.
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Which of the following is not a true characteristic of gametocytes?
Which of the following is not a true characteristic of gametocytes?
Gametocytes are eukaryotic germ line cells. They can undergo mitosis to form more gametocytes or undergo meiosis to form gametids. Male gametocytes are called spermatocytes and female gametocytes are called oocytes.
Gametocytes are eukaryotic germ line cells. They can undergo mitosis to form more gametocytes or undergo meiosis to form gametids. Male gametocytes are called spermatocytes and female gametocytes are called oocytes.
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Which of the following best describes the difference between a primary and secondary spermatocyte?
Which of the following best describes the difference between a primary and secondary spermatocyte?
Spermatocytes are male gametocytes located in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Primary spermatocytes are diploid and form when spermatogonia—immature germ cells—enter into mitosis. Primary spermatocytes can then enter meiosis and produce haploid secondary spermatocytes after meiosis I.
Spermatocytes are male gametocytes located in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Primary spermatocytes are diploid and form when spermatogonia—immature germ cells—enter into mitosis. Primary spermatocytes can then enter meiosis and produce haploid secondary spermatocytes after meiosis I.
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Which of the following is not a true characteristic of spermatogonia?
Which of the following is not a true characteristic of spermatogonia?
Spermatogonia are diploid undifferentiated male germ cells located in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Spermatogonia are important in the process of spermatogenesis; they turn into primary spermatocytes via growth and maturation.
Spermatogonia are diploid undifferentiated male germ cells located in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Spermatogonia are important in the process of spermatogenesis; they turn into primary spermatocytes via growth and maturation.
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Which of the following terms is best defined as a mature, motile, and haploid sperm cell produced during spermatogenesis?
Which of the following terms is best defined as a mature, motile, and haploid sperm cell produced during spermatogenesis?
Mature sperm cells that are haploid, motile, and produced during spermatogenesis are called spermatozoa. Spermatids are haploid; however, they are immature. Spermatids will turn into spermatozoa once they mature.
Mature sperm cells that are haploid, motile, and produced during spermatogenesis are called spermatozoa. Spermatids are haploid; however, they are immature. Spermatids will turn into spermatozoa once they mature.
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Where does the process of spermatogenesis occur in humans?
Where does the process of spermatogenesis occur in humans?
Spermatogenesis—the formation of spermatozoa—occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Seminiferous tubules are composed of Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells. There is a high concentration of testosterone present in these tubules. High testosterone concentrations support sperm development. The epididymis is the site of sperm maturation. Last, the seminal vesicles are small glands that produce the majority of the seminal fluid.
Spermatogenesis—the formation of spermatozoa—occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Seminiferous tubules are composed of Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells. There is a high concentration of testosterone present in these tubules. High testosterone concentrations support sperm development. The epididymis is the site of sperm maturation. Last, the seminal vesicles are small glands that produce the majority of the seminal fluid.
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Which of the following best describes how a sperm's axoneme develops during spermiogenesis?
Which of the following best describes how a sperm's axoneme develops during spermiogenesis?
Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis. In the process of spermiogenesis, spermatids develop into spermatozoa and form axoneme—the internal structure of the spermatozoa tails. It develops by way of microtubule growth from a single centriole that constructs the internal structure of the sperm tail. Mature spermatozoa have axonemes comprised of nine outer microtubule doublets and two central microtubules. These structures aid in motility.
Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis. In the process of spermiogenesis, spermatids develop into spermatozoa and form axoneme—the internal structure of the spermatozoa tails. It develops by way of microtubule growth from a single centriole that constructs the internal structure of the sperm tail. Mature spermatozoa have axonemes comprised of nine outer microtubule doublets and two central microtubules. These structures aid in motility.
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