DNA Replication - AP Biology

3' to 5' direction. Template runs antiparallel to the synthesis direction.

Each new DNA molecule has one old and one new strand. One parental strand is conserved in each new molecule.

Topoisomerase. Prevents excessive supercoiling ahead of the replication fork.

Each new DNA molecule has one old and one new strand. One parental strand is conserved in each new molecule.

3' to 5' direction. Template runs antiparallel to the synthesis direction.

Removes mismatched nucleotides. Ensures accuracy by removing incorrectly paired bases.

Y-shaped region where new DNA strands are synthesized. Site of active DNA synthesis with exposed template strands.

Joins Okazaki fragments. Forms phosphodiester bonds between adjacent DNA segments.

Clamp loader. Positions sliding clamp around DNA for processivity.

Extends telomeres in eukaryotic cells. Solves the end-replication problem at chromosome tips.

Stabilize unwound DNA strands. Prevent secondary structure formation in exposed DNA.

DNA polymerase. This enzyme can add nucleotides to existing 3'-OH groups.

Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). Release of pyrophosphate drives the polymerization reaction.

Occurs in short Okazaki fragments. Synthesis occurs in segments due to 5' to 3' directionality.

Thymine. Complementary base pairing follows Watson-Crick rules.

Proofreading by DNA polymerase. 3' to 5' exonuclease activity removes incorrect nucleotides.

Single-strand binding proteins. Coat separated strands to maintain single-strand state.

Helicase. Motor protein that moves along DNA breaking base pairs.

Increases processivity of DNA polymerase. Keeps polymerase attached for longer synthesis periods.

The original DNA strand used for synthesis. Provides the sequence information for new strand synthesis.

Y-shaped region where new DNA strands are synthesized. Site of active DNA synthesis with exposed template strands.

Removes mismatched nucleotides. Ensures accuracy by removing incorrectly paired bases.

Lagging strand. Synthesized away from the replication fork direction.

Occurs in short Okazaki fragments. Synthesis occurs in segments due to 5' to 3' directionality.

The original DNA strand used for synthesis. Provides the sequence information for new strand synthesis.

Okazaki fragments. Result from discontinuous synthesis on the lagging strand.

Synthesizes RNA primers. DNA polymerase requires a primer with a 3'-OH group to start.

Unwinds the DNA double helix. Breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.

5' to 3' direction. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end.