How to find data representation in biology - ACT Science

The graph below indicates the numbers of three different kinds of rare beetles that were found in a section of forest over a period of years.

Which of the following years was the most favorable for growth for Scarabaeidae?

The graph below indicates the numbers of three different kinds of rare beetles that were found in a section of forest over a period of years.

In which of the following years did Staphylinidae have the highest density?

| | G | g | | | ---- | -- | -- | | g | Gg | gg | | g | Gg | gg |

Scientist’s believe they have found the gene accountable for intelligence. The allele “G” is dominant, and the allele “g” is recessive. The intelligence gene is optimally expressed in the homozygous recessive form. The chart above shows the trait in the heterozygous form and the homozygous form. The form “gg” is from the mother, and “Gg” is from the father. The parents want to know what the gene might look like in their child.

What genotypes would two parents want to have to increase their chances of a child exhibiting an optimal intelligence phenotype?

The graph below indicates the numbers of three different kinds of rare beetles that were found in a section of forest over a period of years.

Which of the following is a possible scenario that during the 1930s to 1950?

The chart above shows the height growth of three different plant species after a period of 2 weeks. Each plant species was grown in 4 different soil mediums. All the plants were grown in the same environment with equal amounts of light, water, and oxygen.

What could be added to this experiment to improve the data representation?

A researcher studies the olfactory (scent-related) senses of the giant forest ant, Camponotus gigas. The researcher places 120 ants in a three-chambered cell. The cell has an end section with a cotton ball soaked in a saline solution and another end with a cotton ball soaked in a glucose solution. The ants are placed in the middle and timed for 15 minutes. Their initial and final positions in the cell are recorded (see Table 1). The researcher's null hypothesis states that the distribution of ants across the three chambers will be equal to one another. In other words, the glucose solution will have no effect and there will be no significant difference in the distribution of the insects.

Table 1

The researcher decides to perform a statistical test known as a Chi-squared test of independence to interpret the experiment's results. The test is performed by calculating a Chi-squared statistic by utilizing observed and expected values for distribution (see Table 2). If the sum of the Chi-squared test statistic is higher than the critical value, then the null hypothesis can be rejected. This indicates that the distribution of insects is not random and the variable in question has a pronounced effect on the subjects. A critical value is calculated by determining the degrees of freedom, which in this experiment is equal to the number of categories in the study minus one, and then locating the proper number on a table (see Table 3). There are three possible categories in this experiment: the glucose end, the control end (with the saline-solution soaked cotton ball), and middle portion of the chamber.

Table 2

Table 3

What is the critical value of this experiment?

Error bars are utilized in scientific graphs to show the difference between data points. If the error bars of data points overlap then they are not statistically independent from one another; therefore, they can be considered to be similar to one another. Only data points that possess non-overlapping error bars are sufficient to make or support a scientific conclusion.

Are these data points statistically independent from one another?

A group of scientists wanted to test the effects of Nitra-Grow, a chemical additive that can be given to plants to help them grow. 3 test groups of plants were given all the same time of sunlight, the same type of soil, and the same amount of water. Plant A was given no extra chemicals. Plant B was given 5g of Nitra-Grow. Plant C was given 5g of Ammonia to see if Nitra-Grow worked any better than a basic nitrogen-based household product. The plants are then measured on 5 consecutive days to find their average height (in cm).

On Day 7, what would be plant A’s approximate height?

Error bars are utilized in scientific graphs to show the difference between data points. If the error bars of data points overlap then they are not statistically independent from one another; therefore, they can be considered to be similar to one another. Only data points that possess non-overlapping error bars are sufficient to make or support a scientific conclusion.

Is this data set statistically valid?

A group of scientists wanted to test the effects of Nitra-Grow, a chemical additive that can be given to plants to help them grow. 3 test groups of plants were given all the same time of sunlight, the same type of soil, and the same amount of water. Plant A was given no extra chemicals. Plant B was given 5g of Nitra-Grow. Plant C was given 5g of Ammonia to see if Nitra-Grow worked any better than a basic nitrogen-based household product. The plants are then measured on 5 consecutive days to find their average height (in cm).

Which plant is the control group?

The table above shows measurements for tumor size growth over time within three different possible treatment methods. Each tumor was first documented at an initial size of 2 inches. Every month each tumor was measured, for a total of five measurements of each tumor.

Looking at the "Surgery and Chemotherapy" treatment column, where could one infer that chemotherapy was performed?

The table above shows measurements for tumor size growth over time within three different possible treatment methods. Each tumor was first documented at an initial size of 2 inches. Every month each tumor was measured, for a total of five measurements of each tumor.

Based on the table above, which single method is most effective at reducing tumor size in the shortest period of time?

The table above shows measurements for tumor size growth over time within three different possible treatment methods. Each tumor was first documented at an initial size of 2 inches. Every month each tumor was measured, for a total of five measurements of each tumor.

What information would be most important to know before drawing conclusions based on this data?

Error bars are utilized in scientific graphs to show the difference between data points. If the error bars of data points overlap then they are not statistically independent from one another; therefore, they can be considered to be similar to one another. Only data points that possess non-overlapping error bars are sufficient to make or support a scientific conclusion.

Are these data points statistically significant?

The table above shows measurements for tumor size growth over time within three different possible treatment methods. Each tumor was first documented at an initial size of 2 inches. Every month each tumor was measured, for a total of five measurements of each tumor.

Based on the chart above, what conclusion could be drawn about the "no treatment" option?

The table above shows measurements for tumor size growth over time within three different possible treatment methods. Each tumor was first documented at an initial size of 2 inches. Every month each tumor was measured, for a total of five measurements of each tumor.

What conclusion CANNOT be reached based on the data shown above?

| | G | g | | | ---- | -- | -- | | g | Gg | gg | | g | Gg | gg |

Scientist’s believe they have found the gene accountable for intelligence. The allele “G” is dominant, and the allele “g” is recessive. The intelligence gene is optimally expressed in the homozygous recessive form. The chart above shows the trait in the heterozygous form and the homozygous form. The form “gg” is from the mother, and “Gg” is from the father. The parents want to know what the gene might look like in their child.

What form of the gene expresses optimal intelligence?

| | G | g | | | ---- | -- | -- | | g | Gg | gg | | g | Gg | gg |

Scientist’s believe they have found the gene accountable for intelligence. The allele “G” is dominant, and the allele “g” is recessive. The intelligence gene is optimally expressed in the homozygous recessive form. The chart above shows the trait in the heterozygous form and the homozygous form. The form “gg” is from the mother, and “Gg” is from the father. The parents want to know what the gene might look like in their child.

According to the chart above, what are the chances of the child inheriting the optimal form of the gene?

| | G | g | | | ---- | -- | -- | | g | Gg | gg | | g | Gg | gg |

Scientist’s believe they have found the gene accountable for intelligence. The allele “G” is dominant, and the allele “g” is recessive. The intelligence gene is optimally expressed in the homozygous recessive form. The chart above shows the trait in the heterozygous form and the homozygous form. The form “gg” is from the mother, and “Gg” is from the father. The parents want to know what the gene might look like in their child.

According to the data given, what could one infer about the phenotype for "Gg?"