Support Claims With Logical Reasoning - 8th Grade Writing
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What is the purpose of citing sources when you use evidence in an argument?
What is the purpose of citing sources when you use evidence in an argument?
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To credit the source and allow readers to verify information. Prevents plagiarism and builds trust with readers.
To credit the source and allow readers to verify information. Prevents plagiarism and builds trust with readers.
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What is the difference between a claim and a reason in an argument paragraph?
What is the difference between a claim and a reason in an argument paragraph?
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Claim = position; reason = why the claim is true. Claims state what you believe; reasons explain why it's true.
Claim = position; reason = why the claim is true. Claims state what you believe; reasons explain why it's true.
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What is the difference between evidence and reasoning in argumentative writing?
What is the difference between evidence and reasoning in argumentative writing?
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Evidence = proof; reasoning = explanation linking proof to claim. Evidence provides facts; reasoning connects those facts to your argument.
Evidence = proof; reasoning = explanation linking proof to claim. Evidence provides facts; reasoning connects those facts to your argument.
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What is relevant evidence, and what must it connect to in your paragraph?
What is relevant evidence, and what must it connect to in your paragraph?
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Proof that directly supports the specific claim or reason. Must relate directly to your argument, not just the general topic.
Proof that directly supports the specific claim or reason. Must relate directly to your argument, not just the general topic.
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What does it mean for a source to be credible in an academic argument?
What does it mean for a source to be credible in an academic argument?
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Trustworthy, accurate, unbiased, and written by qualified authors. These qualities ensure the source provides reliable information.
Trustworthy, accurate, unbiased, and written by qualified authors. These qualities ensure the source provides reliable information.
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Which option best indicates a source is credible: author credentials, many ads, or anonymous post?
Which option best indicates a source is credible: author credentials, many ads, or anonymous post?
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Author credentials. Qualified authors have expertise; ads and anonymous posts lack credibility.
Author credentials. Qualified authors have expertise; ads and anonymous posts lack credibility.
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What is a primary source?
What is a primary source?
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A firsthand record from the time of the event. Created during the historical period being studied.
A firsthand record from the time of the event. Created during the historical period being studied.
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What is a secondary source?
What is a secondary source?
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An analysis or interpretation of primary sources. Written after the event by someone studying primary sources.
An analysis or interpretation of primary sources. Written after the event by someone studying primary sources.
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Which option is most likely a primary source: diary entry, textbook chapter, or encyclopedia article?
Which option is most likely a primary source: diary entry, textbook chapter, or encyclopedia article?
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Diary entry. Written by someone experiencing the event; textbooks analyze events later.
Diary entry. Written by someone experiencing the event; textbooks analyze events later.
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What is the best definition of a logical reason in an argument?
What is the best definition of a logical reason in an argument?
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A clear, sensible point that supports the claim without fallacies. Based on facts and reasoning, not emotions or errors in logic.
A clear, sensible point that supports the claim without fallacies. Based on facts and reasoning, not emotions or errors in logic.
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Which transition best signals evidence is coming next: "For example," "Meanwhile," or "Eventually"?
Which transition best signals evidence is coming next: "For example," "Meanwhile," or "Eventually"?
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For example,. Introduces specific proof; the others show time relationships.
For example,. Introduces specific proof; the others show time relationships.
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Which transition best signals reasoning (explaining impact): "This shows that," "Next," or "In the meantime"?
Which transition best signals reasoning (explaining impact): "This shows that," "Next," or "In the meantime"?
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This shows that. Explains significance; the others indicate sequence or time.
This shows that. Explains significance; the others indicate sequence or time.
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What is a rebuttal, and what must it do to the counterclaim?
What is a rebuttal, and what must it do to the counterclaim?
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A response that refutes the counterclaim with reasons and evidence. Disproves the counterclaim to defend your original position.
A response that refutes the counterclaim with reasons and evidence. Disproves the counterclaim to defend your original position.
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Identify the stronger evidence type for most school essays: expert study, or personal opinion only.
Identify the stronger evidence type for most school essays: expert study, or personal opinion only.
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Expert study. Research-based evidence outweighs unsupported personal views.
Expert study. Research-based evidence outweighs unsupported personal views.
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What does it mean to paraphrase evidence correctly?
What does it mean to paraphrase evidence correctly?
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Restate the idea in your own words while keeping the original meaning. Avoids plagiarism while showing you understand the source.
Restate the idea in your own words while keeping the original meaning. Avoids plagiarism while showing you understand the source.
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What must your evidence show to demonstrate understanding of the topic or text?
What must your evidence show to demonstrate understanding of the topic or text?
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Accurate details that match the source’s meaning and context. Shows you comprehend the source, not just copying blindly.
Accurate details that match the source’s meaning and context. Shows you comprehend the source, not just copying blindly.
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Which option best avoids plagiarism: copy without quotes, paraphrase without credit, or paraphrase with citation?
Which option best avoids plagiarism: copy without quotes, paraphrase without credit, or paraphrase with citation?
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Paraphrase with citation. Proper citation gives credit; copying is plagiarism.
Paraphrase with citation. Proper citation gives credit; copying is plagiarism.
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Find the problem: using a quote with no lead-in or explanation is missing what element?
Find the problem: using a quote with no lead-in or explanation is missing what element?
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Commentary (reasoning) that explains how the evidence supports the claim. Evidence needs context and analysis to support claims.
Commentary (reasoning) that explains how the evidence supports the claim. Evidence needs context and analysis to support claims.
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What is a direct quotation, and when should it be used sparingly?
What is a direct quotation, and when should it be used sparingly?
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Exact words from a source; use when wording is especially precise or powerful. Preserves author's unique phrasing for impact.
Exact words from a source; use when wording is especially precise or powerful. Preserves author's unique phrasing for impact.
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Which transition best signals reasoning: “This shows that” or “Meanwhile”?
Which transition best signals reasoning: “This shows that” or “Meanwhile”?
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This shows that. This phrase introduces analysis of evidence.
This shows that. This phrase introduces analysis of evidence.
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Which transition best signals evidence is coming: “For example” or “On the other hand”?
Which transition best signals evidence is coming: “For example” or “On the other hand”?
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For example. This phrase introduces specific examples as proof.
For example. This phrase introduces specific examples as proof.
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Find the most relevant evidence for a claim about teen sleep: study on teen sleep or article on adult exercise.
Find the most relevant evidence for a claim about teen sleep: study on teen sleep or article on adult exercise.
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Study on teen sleep. Evidence must match the specific topic being argued.
Study on teen sleep. Evidence must match the specific topic being argued.
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Identify the best source for current local laws: a government website or an online forum thread.
Identify the best source for current local laws: a government website or an online forum thread.
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A government website. Official sources provide accurate legal information.
A government website. Official sources provide accurate legal information.
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Which sentence is a reason (not evidence): “Uniforms reduce teasing about clothes” or “$62%$ reported less teasing”?
Which sentence is a reason (not evidence): “Uniforms reduce teasing about clothes” or “$62%$ reported less teasing”?
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“Uniforms reduce teasing about clothes”. It's a logical point; the percentage is the proof.
“Uniforms reduce teasing about clothes”. It's a logical point; the percentage is the proof.
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Identify the problem: “I believe it, so it is true.” What type of support is missing?
Identify the problem: “I believe it, so it is true.” What type of support is missing?
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Relevant evidence from credible sources. Personal belief isn't proof; facts are needed.
Relevant evidence from credible sources. Personal belief isn't proof; facts are needed.
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