6TH GRADE ELA • WRITING

Using Words, Phrases, and Clauses to Connect Claims and Reasons

Learn how linking words and phrases turn a list of ideas into a strong, convincing argument.

Why Connecting Ideas Matters

Imagine you are building something with blocks. If you just stack them without glue, they wobble and fall. A strong argument works the same way. You need connecting words to glue your ideas together so your reader can follow your thinking.

People have been studying how to argue well for thousands of years. Let's look at a few key moments in that story.

~350 B.C.E.
The Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote Rhetoric, one of the first books about persuasion. He taught that a good argument needs a clear claim (what you believe) and reasons that back it up.
1776
Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence. Notice how he used the word "because" to link the colonists' complaint (claim) to specific reasons why they wanted freedom.
1963
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered the "I Have a Dream" speech. He connected his claims about justice with words like "therefore" and "so" to make his argument unforgettable.
2010
The Common Core State Standards were published. They made sure students practice connecting claims and reasons clearly — the very skill you're learning now!

Throughout history, the best writers and speakers have used special words and phrases to show how their ideas fit together. Without those linking pieces, even great ideas can sound confusing. The question this lesson answers is: Which words, phrases, and clauses help you show the connection between what you believe and why you believe it?

Core Ideas You Need to Know

Before you can connect ideas, you need to know what you're connecting. Here are the four building blocks of a strong argument.

1

Claim

A claim is your main point — the opinion or position you want your reader to agree with. Example: "Our school should start 30 minutes later."
2

Reason

A reason tells why your claim is right. It gives logical support. Example: "Students learn better when they get enough sleep."
3

Transition Words & Phrases

Transition words (also called linking words) are the bridges between your claim and your reasons. Words like because, therefore, for example, and as a result show how ideas relate.
4

Clauses

A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb. A dependent clause (like "since students are tired") can't stand alone — it needs a main clause to complete the thought.
Key Takeaway
Think of your argument like a sandwich. The claim is the top slice of bread, the reasons are the filling, and transition words are the toothpick that holds everything together. Without the toothpick, the sandwich falls apart and your reader ends up confused.

See How It All Connects

The diagram below shows how a claim, reasons, and linking words fit together. Notice how the transition words (in the arrows) create a clear path from reason to claim.

A claim connected to three reasons by transition words: because, for example, and in addition.

In this diagram, the claim sits at the top. Each reason is connected to it by a colored arrow that carries a transition word. Without those linking words, the reader would see three floating ideas and wonder, "How do these fit together?" The transitions answer that question instantly.

How Linking Words, Phrases, and Clauses Work

Linking language does three big jobs. Each job has its own set of go-to words. Let's break them down.

Job 1 — Showing Cause and Effect

When your reason explains why something happens, you use cause-and-effect connectors. These tell the reader, "Here is the reason behind the claim."

Cause-and-Effect Pattern
[Claim] + because / since / as a result / therefore + [Reason]
Example: "We should recycle because it reduces pollution."

Job 2 — Adding More Reasons

When you want to pile on extra support for your claim, addition connectors do the work. They tell the reader, "Here is another point that backs me up."

Addition Pattern
[Reason 1] + in addition / also / furthermore / moreover + [Reason 2]
Example: "Exercise keeps you healthy. In addition, it boosts your mood."

Job 3 — Addressing the Other Side

Strong arguments also deal with the opposite viewpoint. Contrast connectors help you say, "Even though some people disagree, my claim still holds."

Contrast Pattern
Although / Even though / However / On the other hand + [Counterpoint], + [Claim]
Example: "Although some people think homework helps, too much homework actually hurts learning."

When you choose the right linking word, you do two things at once. First, you make your writing easier to follow. Second, you show your reader that you've thought carefully about how your ideas relate — and that makes your argument much more convincing.

A Quick-Reference Guide to Transition Types

The table below groups the most useful linking words and phrases by their purpose. Keep this handy when you write!

PurposeTransition Words & PhrasesExample in a Sentence
Cause / Reasonbecause, since, due to, as, for this reason"We need recess because it helps kids focus."
Effect / Resulttherefore, as a result, so, consequently"Students are tired; therefore, they struggle to learn."
Additionalso, in addition, furthermore, moreover, another reason"In addition, walking to school reduces car traffic."
Example / Evidencefor example, for instance, such as, specifically"For example, a 2019 study found that…"
Contrast / Counteralthough, even though, however, on the other hand, despite"Although junk food tastes good, it harms our bodies."
Emphasismost importantly, above all, especially, clearly"Most importantly, safety should always come first."

Here's a flowchart that shows the steps for building a paragraph where your claim and reasons are clearly linked.

Follow this flowchart every time you build an argument paragraph.

This flowchart works for every argument paragraph you write. If you follow these steps, your reader will always see the connection between your claim and your reasons.

Worked Example: Building a Strong Paragraph

Let's walk through a full example. We'll start with a claim and two reasons, then add linking words to make them sound polished and convincing.

Building a Strong Paragraph
1
Step 1 — State the ClaimWe want to argue: "Schools should offer free breakfast to every student."
2
Step 2 — List the Reasons (No Links Yet)Reason A: Many students come to school hungry and can't focus. Reason B: Studies show that eating breakfast improves test scores. Right now these are just separate sentences. Let's connect them.
3
Step 3 — Add a Cause TransitionWe'll attach Reason A to the claim with "because":
Schools should offer free breakfast to every student because many students come to school hungry and can't focus.
4
Step 4 — Add an Addition TransitionNow we bring in Reason B with "Furthermore":
Furthermore, studies show that eating breakfast improves test scores.
5
Step 5 — Put It All TogetherNotice how each transition word tells the reader exactly how the next sentence relates to the claim. The paragraph flows smoothly, and the argument sounds well organized.
Schools should offer free breakfast to every student because many students come to school hungry and can't focus. Furthermore, studies show that eating breakfast improves test scores. For these reasons, a free-breakfast program would help all learners succeed.

Strengths & Common Pitfalls

Linking words are powerful, but they can also be misused. The table below compares strong habits with common mistakes so you can steer clear of trouble.

Strong Move ✅Common Pitfall ❌Why It Matters
Choose the transition that matches the relationship (cause, addition, contrast).Using "also" when you really mean "because."The wrong word sends the reader in the wrong direction.
Vary your transitions — use different words each time.Starting every sentence with "Also…"Repetition sounds boring and makes your writing feel like a list.
Use a dependent clause for complex ideas: "Since many kids skip breakfast, they feel sleepy."Writing a fragment: "Since many kids skip breakfast."A clause that starts with "since" or "although" can't stand alone — it needs a main clause.
Place the transition near the ideas it connects.Putting the transition far from the related ideas.If the link is too far from the ideas, the reader loses the connection.
Keep sentences at a natural length — don't pile on too many clauses.Stringing together four clauses with commas.Overloaded sentences confuse the reader instead of helping them.
Key Takeaway
Think of transition words like turn signals on a car. If you use the right signal, the driver behind you knows where you're going. If you use the wrong signal — or no signal at all — there's going to be confusion (and maybe a crash). Always match the signal to the turn you're making.

Where This Skill Takes You Next

The linking words you're learning now are the first step toward more advanced writing. As you move into 7th and 8th grade — and beyond — you'll use the same idea in bigger ways.

What You're Doing Now (6th Grade)What's Coming Next (7th–8th Grade & Beyond)
Using single transition words like because and therefore.Using longer transitional phrases and even full transition sentences between paragraphs.
Connecting a claim to 2–3 reasons in one paragraph.Writing multi-paragraph essays where each body paragraph has its own claim-reason structure.
Addressing one counter-argument with although or however.Developing a full counter-argument paragraph with rebuttal, using complex clause structures.
Keeping sentences short and clear.Building compound-complex sentences that weave multiple clauses together smoothly.

Here's the exciting part: once you master linking words inside a single paragraph, you can use the same technique to link entire paragraphs together. That's how professional writers create essays, articles, and even books that flow from start to finish. You're building a skill that will serve you for the rest of your life.

Practice Problems

Try these five exercises. Click "Show Answer" to check your thinking!

PROBLEM 1CONCEPTUAL
What is the purpose of a transition word in an argument paragraph?
PROBLEM 2BASIC IDENTIFICATION
Read this sentence: "Students should wear helmets when biking because head injuries can be very serious." Which word is the transition, and what type of relationship does it show?
PROBLEM 3INTERMEDIATE
Fill in the blank with the best transition word or phrase: "Our cafeteria should serve more fruits and vegetables. _________, a healthy diet gives students energy to focus all day." Choose from: However / For example / Although / On the other hand
PROBLEM 4APPLIED
Your claim is: "Our town should build a new park." Your two reasons are: (1) Kids need a safe place to play outside. (2) Green spaces reduce stress for families. Write a short paragraph (3–4 sentences) that connects the claim and both reasons using at least two different transition words or phrases.
PROBLEM 5CHALLENGE
Read this paragraph. It uses the wrong transition words. Rewrite it with the correct ones: "Phones should be banned during class. However, they distract students from learning. Although, teachers report that students pay better attention without phones. On the other hand, a phone-free classroom helps everyone succeed."

Lesson Summary

In this lesson you learned that a strong argument needs more than just a claim and reasons — it also needs transition words, phrases, and clauses to connect them. These linking tools come in several flavors: cause-and-effect words like because and therefore show why something is true; addition words like furthermore and in addition pile on more support; and contrast words like although and however let you address the other side. You also practiced using dependent clauses — groups of words with a subject and verb that can't stand alone — to add detail and show relationships inside a single sentence.

The most important idea to remember is this: always match the transition to the relationship you want to show. A wrong transition confuses your reader just like a wrong turn signal confuses drivers. When you pick the right word and place it close to the ideas it connects, your writing will be clear, organized, and convincing. Keep practicing, and soon choosing the right linking words will feel as natural as breathing!

Varsity Tutors • 6th Grade English Language Arts (Common Core) • Using Words, Phrases, and Clauses to Clarify Relationships Among Claims and Reasons