3RD GRADE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS • WRITING

Setting Up Your Story: Characters, Narrators & Event Sequences

Learn how great writers start a story and keep events in an order that makes sense from beginning to end.

Why Do We Tell Stories?

People have been telling stories for thousands of years. Before there were books, before there was even writing, people sat around campfires and shared stories with each other. They talked about brave heroes, silly animals, and exciting adventures. Every story needed a person to tell it and characters to bring it to life.

Over time, storytellers got better and better at making their stories exciting. They learned that a story works best when the reader knows who is in the story, where it takes place, and what happens step by step. Let's look at how storytelling has grown!

Long, Long Ago
People told stories out loud. Each story had a hero and events that happened in order. This is called oral storytelling.
Ancient Times
People started writing stories down on stone and paper. Fables (short stories with lessons) used animal characters like the tortoise and the hare.
Fairy Tales
Writers like the Brothers Grimm collected stories with clear beginnings, middles, and endings. Characters like Cinderella and Hansel and Gretel became famous.
Books for Kids
Authors began writing chapter books just for children. Stories had narrators who guided readers through exciting events, one by one.
Today
Now you get to write your own stories! You can create characters, choose a narrator, and put your events in a great order.

All of these storytellers had something in common. They knew how to set up a situation, introduce the people in the story, and make events flow in an order that feels right. That's exactly what you will learn today!

Key Ideas for Starting a Story

Every good story needs a few important parts right at the beginning. Think of these parts like ingredients in a recipe. If you forget one, the story won't taste as good! Here are the four big ideas.

1

The Situation (Setting)

This is where and when your story takes place. Is it at a school? In a magical forest? On a rainy Tuesday? Telling the reader this right away helps them picture the story.
2

The Narrator

The narrator is the voice that tells the story. Sometimes the narrator is a character in the story (using "I" and "me"). Other times, the narrator is not a character at all and uses "he," "she," or "they."
3

The Characters

Characters are the people, animals, or creatures in your story. Readers need to know who they are, what they look like, or how they feel. This makes the reader care about them!
4

Event Sequence

The event sequence is the order of things that happen. Events should unfold naturally — that means they make sense one after another, like steps on a path.
Key Takeaway
Think of starting a story like packing for a trip. Before you go anywhere, you need to know where you're going (the situation), who is coming with you (the characters), and who is driving the car (the narrator). Then you follow your map step by step (the event sequence) so you don't get lost!

The Story Map

A Story Map helps you see all the parts of a story in one picture. Look at the diagram below. It shows how a story starts with the situation and characters, then moves through events from beginning to end.

Story Map showing how situation, characters, and narrator feed into the event sequence from beginning to middle to end.

Look at the top row. Before the events even start, you set up the situation, the characters, and the narrator. Then the events flow from beginning to middle to end. That's what makes a story feel smooth and easy to follow.

How It Works: Building Your Story Step by Step

Step 1: Establish the Situation

The very first sentences of your story should help the reader see where they are. You don't need a whole page — just a sentence or two! Tell the reader the place and the time.

"It was a sunny Saturday morning at Maple Street Park."

See? Now the reader knows it is Saturday morning, it is sunny, and the story happens at Maple Street Park. That one sentence does a lot of work!

Step 2: Introduce the Narrator

Next, choose who is telling the story. There are two main kinds of narrators.

A first-person narrator is a character inside the story. This narrator says "I" and "me." For example: "I grabbed my skateboard and ran to the park."

A third-person narrator is someone outside the story. This narrator says "he," "she," or "they." For example: "Maya grabbed her skateboard and ran to the park."

Pick one type and stick with it for the whole story!

Step 3: Introduce the Characters

Let the reader meet the characters early. Tell the reader a little about them — their name, what they are like, or how they feel. You don't have to tell everything at once. You can share more as the story goes on.

"Maya was excited. She had been waiting all week to try the new ramp. Her best friend, Leo, was already there, waving."

Step 4: Organize Events Naturally

Now the fun part — things start happening! Each event should connect to the one before it, like links in a chain. Use time-order words to guide the reader.

When you use time-order words, your reader never feels lost. They know exactly when things happen. That's what it means for events to unfold naturally — each part follows the one before it in a way that makes sense.

Event Order: What Works and What Doesn't

Let's look at two ways to tell the same story. One is in the right order. The other is all mixed up. Can you tell which one is easier to read?

✅ NATURAL ORDER❌ MIXED-UP ORDER
First, Sam woke up and ate breakfast.Sam won the race!
Then, he put on his running shoes.He ate breakfast.
Next, he walked to the race.He put on his shoes.
Finally, Sam ran his fastest and won!He walked to the race.

The left column feels smooth because events happen in the order they would in real life. The right column starts with the ending! That's confusing. When you write your own stories, put events in the order they actually happen. Start with the first thing and end with the last thing.

Key Takeaway
Think of your story events like building a tower of blocks. You have to put the bottom block down first. If you start in the middle or at the top, the whole tower falls down! Write your events in order from first to last so your story stays standing.

Types of Narrators: A Quick Guide

TYPEWORDS THEY USEEXAMPLE
First PersonI, me, my, we"I saw a shooting star."
Third Personhe, she, they, his, her"She saw a shooting star."

Worked Example: Writing a Story Opening

Let's write the beginning of a story together. We will follow all four steps.

Writing a Story Opening
1
Step 1 — Establish the SituationWe need to tell the reader where and when. Let's set our story in a library on a cold winter afternoon.
"It was a freezing Wednesday afternoon. Snow fell softly outside the windows of the Riverside Library."
2
Step 2 — Choose the NarratorLet's use a third-person narrator. That means we will use names and words like "she" and "her."
3
Step 3 — Introduce the CharactersWe'll introduce a girl named Tina and her little brother Marco.
"Tina loved books more than anything. She could spend hours reading about dragons and faraway places. Her little brother, Marco, was not so patient. He wiggled in his chair and whispered, 'I'm bored!'"
4
Step 4 — Begin the Event SequenceNow we start the events. Each one should lead to the next.
"First, Tina found a big, dusty book on the top shelf. Then, she opened it, and a folded-up map fell out. Next, Marco grabbed the map and said, 'Look! It has an X on it!' After that, they looked at each other with wide eyes. They knew their afternoon had just gotten a lot more interesting."
5
Putting It All TogetherNotice how the story flows. The reader knows the place (the library), the time (a snowy Wednesday afternoon), the characters (Tina and Marco), and the narrator (third person). The events use time-order words so everything unfolds naturally. Great job — that's how it's done!

What Makes a Story Opening Strong or Weak?

Not all story openings are the same. Let's compare some things that make a beginning strong and things that can make it weak.

STRONG OPENING ✅WEAK OPENING ❌
Tells the reader where and when the story takes placeStarts with no setting — the reader doesn't know where they are
Introduces characters with names and a detail or twoJumps straight into action without saying who is there
Uses one type of narrator the whole timeSwitches between "I" and "she" for the same character
Events are in order using time-order wordsEvents jump around and confuse the reader
Each event connects to the next oneThings happen for no reason
Key Takeaway
A strong story opening is like the first page of a picture book — it makes you want to turn the page! A weak opening is like opening a book and seeing blank pages. Give your reader something to see, someone to care about, and a reason to keep reading.

Going Further: More Ways to Make Your Story Shine

Once you are comfortable with the basics, you can make your stories even better! Here are some tricks that older writers use. You can start practicing them now.

WHAT YOU LEARNED TODAYWHAT YOU'LL LEARN LATER
Establish a situation (where and when)Use descriptive details to paint a picture of the setting with all five senses
Introduce characters by name and feelingShow how characters change from the beginning to the end of a story
Choose a first-person or third-person narratorExplore point of view and how different narrators change the story
Put events in order with time-order wordsUse dialogue (talking) and pacing to make events more exciting

You already have the building blocks. As you grow as a writer, you'll add more details, more feelings, and more excitement. But every great story still starts the same way — with a clear situation, interesting characters, a steady narrator, and events that unfold naturally.

Practice Problems

Try these five problems. They start easy and get a little harder. When you're ready, click "Show Answer" to check your thinking!

PROBLEM 1WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
What is a narrator? (a) A person who reads the story (b) The voice that tells the story (c) A character who is the villain (d) The title of the story
PROBLEM 2SPOT THE NARRATOR
Read this sentence: "I woke up early and ran downstairs to open my birthday presents." Is this a first-person narrator or a third-person narrator? How do you know?
PROBLEM 3FIX THE ORDER
These story events are mixed up. Put them in the right order by numbering them 1, 2, 3, and 4. ___ Ben scored the winning goal! ___ The soccer game started after school. ___ Ben's teammates carried him on their shoulders. ___ With one minute left, Ben got the ball.
PROBLEM 4WRITE YOUR OWN OPENING
Imagine you are writing a story about a kid who finds a talking dog at the park. Write 2–3 sentences that: • Tell the reader where and when the story takes place • Introduce the main character • Use either a first-person or third-person narrator
PROBLEM 5THINK ABOUT IT
Read this story opening: "She ran. The dog barked. Then he ate. They went home." This opening follows the rules — it has a narrator, a character, and events in order. But it doesn't feel like a very good story. Why not? What is missing? Write 1–2 sentences explaining what you would add.

What You Learned Today

Today you learned how to start a story the right way! Every story needs to establish a situation by telling the reader where and when the story happens. You also need to introduce a narrator — either a first-person narrator who says "I" or a third-person narrator who says "he" or "she." Your characters should be introduced early with their name and at least one detail so the reader cares about them.

Most importantly, you learned how to organize your events in a natural sequence. That means putting things in the order they actually happen and using time-order words like "first," "then," "next," and "finally" to guide the reader from one event to the next. When you do all of these things together, your story will be clear, exciting, and fun to read. Now go write an amazing story! ✏️

Varsity Tutors • 3rd Grade English Language Arts • Setting Up Your Story