1ST GRADE ELA • READING FOUNDATIONAL SKILLS

Tricky Words: Reading Irregularly Spelled Words

Some words don't follow the rules — let's learn to read them by sight!

Why Are Some Words So Tricky?

You know how to sound out words. You see c-a-t and you say "cat." That's great! But some words in English don't play by the rules. They have letters that make surprise sounds. We call these irregularly spelled words — or just "tricky words."

Why does English have tricky words? It is because English borrowed words from many languages a long, long time ago. Each language had its own way of spelling. So some words kept their old, funny spellings!

Long, Long Ago
People in England spoke Old English. Words like "the" and "was" were already spelled in a funny way.
Hundreds of Years Ago
English borrowed words from French, like "people". The spelling came along too, even though it looks odd.
A Long Time Ago
The first books were printed. Once a word was printed, its spelling got stuck — even if the way people said it changed.
Today
We still use those old spellings! That's why "said" doesn't sound like "s-a-i-d" the way you'd think.

So here is the question: If you can't sound these words out, how do you read them? You learn them by heart. You look at them, practice them, and remember them as whole words. That's what this lesson is all about!

Big Ideas About Tricky Words

Before we start learning tricky words, let's understand four big ideas. These ideas will help you become a super reader!

1

They Don't Sound Out

In tricky words, one or more letters make a sound you don't expect. The word "one" starts with a "w" sound, but there is no w in the word!
2

Learn Them by Sight

We call them sight words because you learn to read them just by seeing them — no sounding out needed. You remember the whole word like a picture.
3

They Are Everywhere

Tricky words are in almost every sentence you read! Words like "the," "said," "have," and "are" show up all the time.
4

Practice Makes Perfect

The more you see and read tricky words, the faster you will know them. Read books, write the words, and say them out loud!
KEY TAKEAWAY
Key Takeaway

A Map of Tricky Words

Let's look at a picture that shows some of the most important tricky words you'll learn in first grade. The pink letters are the tricky parts — the parts that don't make the sound you'd expect!

Common irregularly spelled words with their tricky parts highlighted

See the colored letters? Those are the parts that surprise us. In the word "said," the letters ai make an "eh" sound, not the "ay" sound you learned. In "one," the o makes a "wuh" sound. Tricky, right?

You don't have to remember why these parts are tricky. You just need to remember what the whole word looks like and how to say it. That's the secret!

How to Learn Tricky Words

Here is a fun way to learn any tricky word. Follow these steps, and soon you'll know it by heart!

Let's try it with the word "said." First, see it — look at the word: said. Next, say it out loud: "sed." Then, spell it letter by letter: S-A-I-D. Finally, write it on paper or with your finger in the air!

Do this a few times for each word. You can even do it with a friend or a grown-up. The more times you see, say, spell, and write the word, the better you'll remember it!

KEY TAKEAWAY
Key Takeaway

Groups of Tricky Words

Here are some of the most important tricky words for first graders. We put them in groups to help you learn them. Try to read each word!

Group 1 — Words You See Every Day

Word 1Word 2Word 3Word 4
theaiswas
aretodoof

Group 2 — People & Action Words

Word 1Word 2Word 3Word 4
youtheyheshe
saidhavecomegive

Group 3 — Describing & Question Words

Word 1Word 2Word 3Word 4
onetwooncewhat
wherethereherewere

Group 4 — More Tricky Friends

Word 1Word 2Word 3Word 4
somefromloveput
pullfullcouldwould
How Often You See These Words in Books
Less Often
Very Often
Less Often (could, pull)Very Often (the, is, was)

The words on the right side of the bar show up all the time in your books. The word "the" is the most common word in English! That's why learning these tricky words helps you read so much faster.

Let's Read a Sentence Together

Now let's use what we learned! Here is a sentence with tricky words. We'll read it step by step.

1
The Sentence"Once there was a cat who said hello."
2
Step 1 — Find the tricky wordsLook at the sentence. Can you spot the words that don't sound out the normal way? Here they are: Once, there, was, who, and said.
3
Step 2 — Read the tricky words firstSay each tricky word by itself. "Once" — it sounds like "wunce." "There" — it sounds like "thair." "Was" — it sounds like "wuz." "Who" — it sounds like "hoo." "Said" — it sounds like "sed."
4
Step 3 — Sound out the regular wordsThe other words follow the rules: "a" — we know that one! "cat" — c-a-t, "cat." "hello" — h-e-l-l-o, "hello."
5
Step 4 — Put it all togetherNow read the whole sentence smoothly: "Once there was a cat who said hello." Great job! 🎉

Tips and Tricks for Tricky Words

Some ways of learning work better than others. Let's look at what helps the most and what's harder.

What HelpsWhy It WorksFun Level
Flash cardsYou see the word over and over.⭐⭐⭐
Reading booksTricky words pop up in real stories.⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Writing the word 3 timesYour hand helps your brain remember.⭐⭐⭐
Rainbow writingWrite the word in different colors — it sticks in your brain!⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Singing or chanting the lettersSongs help you remember the spelling.⭐⭐⭐⭐
What's HarderWhy
Trying to sound the word outThe letters trick you! You might say the wrong word.
Only reading the word onceOne time is not enough. You need to see it many times.
KEY TAKEAWAY
Key Takeaway

What Comes Next?

Right now you are learning your first set of tricky words. As you keep reading, you'll learn even more! Let's see what's ahead.

Now (1st Grade)Later (2nd Grade & Beyond)
Learn about 30–50 tricky wordsLearn hundreds of new words!
Words like: said, the, one, haveBigger words like: enough, through, thought
See it, say it, spell it, write itYou'll start to notice patterns even in tricky words
Read short sentences and storiesRead chapter books and longer stories

Every tricky word you learn now makes reading easier later. You're building a word bank in your brain. The bigger your word bank gets, the faster and smoother you can read anything!

In second grade, you'll also learn that some tricky words have patterns. For example, "could," "would," and "should" all have the same tricky part: ould. Cool, right? But for now, just focus on learning each word one at a time.

Practice Time!

Let's see how many tricky words you know! Try each question, then click the button to see the answer.

PROBLEM 1WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
What is a tricky word? Can you say it in your own words?
PROBLEM 2PICK THE TRICKY WORD
Which word below is a tricky word — a word you can't just sound out? cat dog said man
PROBLEM 3FIND THE TRICKY PART
Look at the word "come." Which letters are the tricky part?
PROBLEM 4READ THE SENTENCE
Read this sentence out loud. How many tricky words can you find? "They said they would come to the park."
PROBLEM 5THINK HARD!
Why do you think it's important to learn tricky words? What would happen if you didn't know them?
Varsity Tutors • 1st Grade English Language Arts • Irregularly Spelled Words