Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology

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Anatomy › Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology

Questions 1 - 10
1

Which of the following is not a role of insulin?

Increases glycogenolysis

Increases glycogen synthesis and storage

Increases triglyceride storage

Increases protein synthesis in muscles

Increases cellular uptake of potassium

Explanation

Insulin is made in the beta cells of the pancreas in response to ATP from glucose metabolism. Insulin inhibits glucagon release by alpha cells of the pancreas in a negative feedback mechanism to maintain constant blood glucose levels.

Insulin has several anabolic effects, including increased glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, increased glycogen synthesis and storage, increased triglyceride storage, increased protein synthesis in muscles, and increased cellular uptake of potassium and amino acids.

Glycogen is made by pancreatic alpha cells and is secreted in response to hypoglycemia, resulting in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to increase circulating blood glucose levels.

2

Which of the following is not a role of insulin?

Increases glycogenolysis

Increases glycogen synthesis and storage

Increases triglyceride storage

Increases protein synthesis in muscles

Increases cellular uptake of potassium

Explanation

Insulin is made in the beta cells of the pancreas in response to ATP from glucose metabolism. Insulin inhibits glucagon release by alpha cells of the pancreas in a negative feedback mechanism to maintain constant blood glucose levels.

Insulin has several anabolic effects, including increased glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, increased glycogen synthesis and storage, increased triglyceride storage, increased protein synthesis in muscles, and increased cellular uptake of potassium and amino acids.

Glycogen is made by pancreatic alpha cells and is secreted in response to hypoglycemia, resulting in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to increase circulating blood glucose levels.

3

What hormones, secreted by the adrenal medulla, facilitate the fight or flight response?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Triiodothyronine and thyroxine

Estrogen and progesterone

Gastrin and secretin

Explanation

The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, which cause the fight or flight response. The thyroid gland produces triiodothryonine and thyroxine, which are used for metabolism, growth, and development. The ovaries and placenta produce estrogen and progesterone, which are used for fetal/maternal development and egg production. Lastly, the stomach and small intestines produce gastrin and secretin, which are used to assist digestion and nutrient absorption.

4

Which of the following is not a role of insulin?

Increases glycogenolysis

Increases glycogen synthesis and storage

Increases triglyceride storage

Increases protein synthesis in muscles

Increases cellular uptake of potassium

Explanation

Insulin is made in the beta cells of the pancreas in response to ATP from glucose metabolism. Insulin inhibits glucagon release by alpha cells of the pancreas in a negative feedback mechanism to maintain constant blood glucose levels.

Insulin has several anabolic effects, including increased glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, increased glycogen synthesis and storage, increased triglyceride storage, increased protein synthesis in muscles, and increased cellular uptake of potassium and amino acids.

Glycogen is made by pancreatic alpha cells and is secreted in response to hypoglycemia, resulting in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to increase circulating blood glucose levels.

5

What hormones, secreted by the adrenal medulla, facilitate the fight or flight response?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Triiodothyronine and thyroxine

Estrogen and progesterone

Gastrin and secretin

Explanation

The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, which cause the fight or flight response. The thyroid gland produces triiodothryonine and thyroxine, which are used for metabolism, growth, and development. The ovaries and placenta produce estrogen and progesterone, which are used for fetal/maternal development and egg production. Lastly, the stomach and small intestines produce gastrin and secretin, which are used to assist digestion and nutrient absorption.

6

Which of the following is not a role of insulin?

Increases glycogenolysis

Increases glycogen synthesis and storage

Increases triglyceride storage

Increases protein synthesis in muscles

Increases cellular uptake of potassium

Explanation

Insulin is made in the beta cells of the pancreas in response to ATP from glucose metabolism. Insulin inhibits glucagon release by alpha cells of the pancreas in a negative feedback mechanism to maintain constant blood glucose levels.

Insulin has several anabolic effects, including increased glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, increased glycogen synthesis and storage, increased triglyceride storage, increased protein synthesis in muscles, and increased cellular uptake of potassium and amino acids.

Glycogen is made by pancreatic alpha cells and is secreted in response to hypoglycemia, resulting in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to increase circulating blood glucose levels.

7

What hormones, secreted by the adrenal medulla, facilitate the fight or flight response?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Triiodothyronine and thyroxine

Estrogen and progesterone

Gastrin and secretin

Explanation

The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, which cause the fight or flight response. The thyroid gland produces triiodothryonine and thyroxine, which are used for metabolism, growth, and development. The ovaries and placenta produce estrogen and progesterone, which are used for fetal/maternal development and egg production. Lastly, the stomach and small intestines produce gastrin and secretin, which are used to assist digestion and nutrient absorption.

8

What hormones, secreted by the adrenal medulla, facilitate the fight or flight response?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Triiodothyronine and thyroxine

Estrogen and progesterone

Gastrin and secretin

Explanation

The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, which cause the fight or flight response. The thyroid gland produces triiodothryonine and thyroxine, which are used for metabolism, growth, and development. The ovaries and placenta produce estrogen and progesterone, which are used for fetal/maternal development and egg production. Lastly, the stomach and small intestines produce gastrin and secretin, which are used to assist digestion and nutrient absorption.

9

Antidiuretic hormone is produced by the                        and released by the                       .

hypothalamus . . . neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) . . . neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

hypothalamus . . . adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)

adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) . . . adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)

neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) . . . adrenal medulla

Explanation

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that is produced in the hypothalamus and travels down nerve ending from the hypothalamus to be released from the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). ADH is the hormone that is responsible for reabsorbing water back into the blood stream at the level of the kidney.

10

Antidiuretic hormone is produced by the                        and released by the                       .

hypothalamus . . . neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) . . . neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

hypothalamus . . . adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)

adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) . . . adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)

neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) . . . adrenal medulla

Explanation

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that is produced in the hypothalamus and travels down nerve ending from the hypothalamus to be released from the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). ADH is the hormone that is responsible for reabsorbing water back into the blood stream at the level of the kidney.

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