Clarity, Relevance, and Scope

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HSPT Language Skills › Clarity, Relevance, and Scope

Questions 1 - 10
1

Which of the following sentences expresses its ideas most clearly?

Hawks are amazing predators that can survive in cities by catching and eating small birds and rodents.

By catching and eating small birds and rodents, hawks can survive in cities, and they are also amazing predators.

By catching and eating small birds and rodents, hawks are amazing predators that can survive in cities.

Hawks can catch and eat small birds and rodents and this makes them amazing predators. They can also survive in cities because of this.

Explanation

The clearest option is "Hawks are amazing predators that can survive in cities by catching and eating small birds and rodents." This answer choice avoids the use of the passive voice and connects the idea of catching and eating small birds and rodents to hawks being amazing predators and their ability to survive in cities in a single sentence.

2

Which of the following sentences expresses its ideas most clearly?

Hawks are amazing predators that can survive in cities by catching and eating small birds and rodents.

By catching and eating small birds and rodents, hawks can survive in cities, and they are also amazing predators.

By catching and eating small birds and rodents, hawks are amazing predators that can survive in cities.

Hawks can catch and eat small birds and rodents and this makes them amazing predators. They can also survive in cities because of this.

Explanation

The clearest option is "Hawks are amazing predators that can survive in cities by catching and eating small birds and rodents." This answer choice avoids the use of the passive voice and connects the idea of catching and eating small birds and rodents to hawks being amazing predators and their ability to survive in cities in a single sentence.

3

Which of the following sentences expresses its ideas most clearly?

Hawks are amazing predators that can survive in cities by catching and eating small birds and rodents.

By catching and eating small birds and rodents, hawks can survive in cities, and they are also amazing predators.

By catching and eating small birds and rodents, hawks are amazing predators that can survive in cities.

Hawks can catch and eat small birds and rodents and this makes them amazing predators. They can also survive in cities because of this.

Explanation

The clearest option is "Hawks are amazing predators that can survive in cities by catching and eating small birds and rodents." This answer choice avoids the use of the passive voice and connects the idea of catching and eating small birds and rodents to hawks being amazing predators and their ability to survive in cities in a single sentence.

4

Which of the following is an appropriate topic for a one-paragraph essay/theme?

Birds I've Seen in My Backyard

Ancient Ruins of South America

The Architecture of Performance Venues

The History of Libraries

Explanation

The correct answer is "Birds I've Seen in My Backyard." This topic could be addressed and explained fully in a few sentences, whereas the other topics are much broader and would not be able to be fully discussed or explained in a single paragraph.

5

Which of the following is an appropriate topic for a one-paragraph essay/theme?

Birds I've Seen in My Backyard

Ancient Ruins of South America

The Architecture of Performance Venues

The History of Libraries

Explanation

The correct answer is "Birds I've Seen in My Backyard." This topic could be addressed and explained fully in a few sentences, whereas the other topics are much broader and would not be able to be fully discussed or explained in a single paragraph.

6

Which of the following is an appropriate topic for a one-paragraph essay/theme?

Birds I've Seen in My Backyard

Ancient Ruins of South America

The Architecture of Performance Venues

The History of Libraries

Explanation

The correct answer is "Birds I've Seen in My Backyard." This topic could be addressed and explained fully in a few sentences, whereas the other topics are much broader and would not be able to be fully discussed or explained in a single paragraph.

7

Choose the sentences that best develop the topic sentence shown below.

Succulents are a type of plant, and they have much in common with cacti.

Like cacti, succulents require very little water and are well-adapted to desert environments. Many types of succulents also produce flowers when they bloom, like certain types of cacti do.

Unlike cacti, succulents do not have sharp spines. Succulents are also much smaller than many cacti.

Desert animals rely on cacti for water; that is why cacti have evolved sharp spines to protect themselves.

Growing cacti at home is easy. They are a great starter plant for someone who is not very confident in their gardening skills.

Explanation

The first sentence of the paragraph that we are given introduces succulents to the reader and compares them with cacti, suggesting they have several similarities ("much in common"). The best answer choice will focus on succulents but also continue to develop the comparison between succulents and cacti in a way that stresses their similarities.

"Growing succulents at home is easy. They are a great starter plant for someone who is not very confident in their gardening skills." -

"Desert animals rely on cacti for water; that is why cacti have evolved sharp spines to protect themselves." - This sentence talks about desert animals and cacti, but it doesn't mention succulents at all. The first sentence focuses on succulents more than cacti. This answer choice is incorrect because it only mentions one of the two things being compared in the first sentence.

"Growing cacti at home is easy. They are a great starter plant for someone who is not very confident in their gardening skills." - This answer choice only mentions cacti. Like the last incorrect answer, this one only mentions cacti, but the first sentence is about succulents, a topic not mentioned in this answer choice. This answer choice is incorrect as well.

"Unlike cacti, succulents do not have sharp spines. Succulents are also much smaller than many cacti." - This answer choice compares succulents to cacti, but it does so in a way that emphasizes their differences, not their shared features. This isn't the best answer choice, because it clashes with the first sentence's claim that the two types of plants "have much in common."

"Like cacti, succulents require very little water and are well-adapted to desert environments. Many types of succulents also produce flowers when they bloom, like certain types of cacti do." - This is the correct answer! It mentions succulents and cacti, and focuses on succulents a bit more than cacti. It also compares succulents and cacti while emphasizing their shared features.

8

Which of the following sentences would make sense in an article titled "Deciphering Recyclable Materials”?

You may see recyclable materials labeled with one of several different acronyms: "PET" or "PETE," both of which mean "post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate," or "HDPE," which indicates "high-density polyethylene."

Currently, the task of separating paper from plastic most often falls on the individual recycler, though such sorting is occasionally performed at a plant after materials have been collected.

Most major cities in the United States have some sort of recycling program, and many smaller towns participate in programs as well.

Some cities have started to ban or tax various materials that are difficult or impossible to recycle, like takeout containers and plastic bags.

Explanation

First, let's take a look at the topic of the (hypothetical) article that the correct answer choice will make sense under: "Deciphering Recyclable Materials." "Deciphering" means decoding or translating from a code into something someone can understand, and "recyclable materials" are things that can be recycled. With that in mind, let's look at the answer choices.

Each of these answer choices has to do with recycling, so we'll need to focus on what differentiates them. Only two of them focus on recyclable materials as opposed to the process of recycling:

"Currently, the task of separating paper from plastic most often falls on the individual recycler, though such sorting is occasionally performed at a plant after materials have been collected."

"You may see recyclable materials labeled with one of several different acronyms: 'PET' or 'PETE,' both of which mean "post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate," or 'HDPE,' which means 'high-density polyethylene.'"

Now we need to pick out the answer choice that makes the most sense in an article about "deciphering" these materials. The answer choice here listed first talks about the process of separating recyclable materials, but it doesn't seem to have much to do with "deciphering" anything. The answer choice here listed second, on the other hand, conveys information about what different acronym labels one might find on recyclable materials each mean. In this way, the sentence connects the topic of "deciphering" with recyclable materials, and this makes it the best answer choice.

9

Which of the following sentences would make sense in an article titled "Deciphering Recyclable Materials”?

You may see recyclable materials labeled with one of several different acronyms: "PET" or "PETE," both of which mean "post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate," or "HDPE," which indicates "high-density polyethylene."

Currently, the task of separating paper from plastic most often falls on the individual recycler, though such sorting is occasionally performed at a plant after materials have been collected.

Most major cities in the United States have some sort of recycling program, and many smaller towns participate in programs as well.

Some cities have started to ban or tax various materials that are difficult or impossible to recycle, like takeout containers and plastic bags.

Explanation

First, let's take a look at the topic of the (hypothetical) article that the correct answer choice will make sense under: "Deciphering Recyclable Materials." "Deciphering" means decoding or translating from a code into something someone can understand, and "recyclable materials" are things that can be recycled. With that in mind, let's look at the answer choices.

Each of these answer choices has to do with recycling, so we'll need to focus on what differentiates them. Only two of them focus on recyclable materials as opposed to the process of recycling:

"Currently, the task of separating paper from plastic most often falls on the individual recycler, though such sorting is occasionally performed at a plant after materials have been collected."

"You may see recyclable materials labeled with one of several different acronyms: 'PET' or 'PETE,' both of which mean "post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate," or 'HDPE,' which means 'high-density polyethylene.'"

Now we need to pick out the answer choice that makes the most sense in an article about "deciphering" these materials. The answer choice here listed first talks about the process of separating recyclable materials, but it doesn't seem to have much to do with "deciphering" anything. The answer choice here listed second, on the other hand, conveys information about what different acronym labels one might find on recyclable materials each mean. In this way, the sentence connects the topic of "deciphering" with recyclable materials, and this makes it the best answer choice.

10

Choose the sentences that best develop the topic sentence shown below.

Succulents are a type of plant, and they have much in common with cacti.

Like cacti, succulents require very little water and are well-adapted to desert environments. Many types of succulents also produce flowers when they bloom, like certain types of cacti do.

Unlike cacti, succulents do not have sharp spines. Succulents are also much smaller than many cacti.

Desert animals rely on cacti for water; that is why cacti have evolved sharp spines to protect themselves.

Growing cacti at home is easy. They are a great starter plant for someone who is not very confident in their gardening skills.

Explanation

The first sentence of the paragraph that we are given introduces succulents to the reader and compares them with cacti, suggesting they have several similarities ("much in common"). The best answer choice will focus on succulents but also continue to develop the comparison between succulents and cacti in a way that stresses their similarities.

"Growing succulents at home is easy. They are a great starter plant for someone who is not very confident in their gardening skills." -

"Desert animals rely on cacti for water; that is why cacti have evolved sharp spines to protect themselves." - This sentence talks about desert animals and cacti, but it doesn't mention succulents at all. The first sentence focuses on succulents more than cacti. This answer choice is incorrect because it only mentions one of the two things being compared in the first sentence.

"Growing cacti at home is easy. They are a great starter plant for someone who is not very confident in their gardening skills." - This answer choice only mentions cacti. Like the last incorrect answer, this one only mentions cacti, but the first sentence is about succulents, a topic not mentioned in this answer choice. This answer choice is incorrect as well.

"Unlike cacti, succulents do not have sharp spines. Succulents are also much smaller than many cacti." - This answer choice compares succulents to cacti, but it does so in a way that emphasizes their differences, not their shared features. This isn't the best answer choice, because it clashes with the first sentence's claim that the two types of plants "have much in common."

"Like cacti, succulents require very little water and are well-adapted to desert environments. Many types of succulents also produce flowers when they bloom, like certain types of cacti do." - This is the correct answer! It mentions succulents and cacti, and focuses on succulents a bit more than cacti. It also compares succulents and cacti while emphasizing their shared features.

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