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The process of ventilation has four phases. Which of the following correctly describes the events of Phase III?
delivery of oxygen to the erythrocytes, and the removal of carbon dioxide from the erythrocytes and the bloodstream
movement of ambient air in and out of the respiratory tract
diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli
regulation of ventilation
Explanation
The four phases of ventilation are as follows: Phase I is the movement of ambient air in and out of the respiratory tract; Phase II is the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli; Phase III entails the delivery of oxygen to erythrocytes, and the removal of carbon dioxide from the erythrocytes and the bloodstream; Phase IV is the regulation of ventilation.
A patient in the ICU presents with an acute disorder of attention, perception, and memory impairment. This is most accurately described as:
delirium
dementia
attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD)
dysthymic disorder
Explanation
Delirium is an acute disorder characterized by attention, perception, and memory impairment. It is often the symptom of an underlying condition such as dementia, medication overdose, substance intoxication, and electrolyte disorders.
Direct-acting vasodilators that are smooth muscle relaxants include which of the following medications?
I. Nitroglycerin
II. Furosemide
III. Nitroprusside
I and III only
III only
I and II only
II only
Explanation
Smooth muscle relaxants that are direct-acting vasodilators include nitroprusside and nitroglycerin. These medications, which are used in the treatment of heart failure, work to reduce cardiac filling pressures and dilate coronary arteries. Furosemide is a loop diuretic.
In regards to the Synergy Model for Patient Care, all of the following are acceptable outcomes of patient care EXCEPT:
the patient perceives a poor outcome
death
full recovery to health and wellness
uncertain patient prognosis
Explanation
In regards to the Synergy Model for Patient Care, acceptable outcomes of patient care include: full recovery to health and wellness, uncertain patient prognosis, as well as death. An unacceptable outcome of patient care is a perception of a poor outcome by the patient.
A patient in the ICU presents with an acute disorder of attention, perception, and memory impairment. This is most accurately described as:
delirium
dementia
attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD)
dysthymic disorder
Explanation
Delirium is an acute disorder characterized by attention, perception, and memory impairment. It is often the symptom of an underlying condition such as dementia, medication overdose, substance intoxication, and electrolyte disorders.
The critical care nurse knows that metabolic acidosis is defined by which of the following parameters?
pH < 7.35; and a \[HCO3-\] < 22 mEq/L
pH > 7.35; and a \[HCO3-\] > 22 mEq/L
pH < 7.45; and a \[HCO3-\] < 26 mEq/L
pH < 7.35; and a \[HCO3-\] > 26 mEq/L
Explanation
Metabolic acidosis is one of the four main acid-base disorders. The disorder is characterized by a bloodstream pH < 7.35 and a \[HCO3-\] < 22 mEq/L. The decrease in bicarbonate ion can be due to an endocrine, gastrointestinal, or renal disorder, as well as a nutritional deficiency.
The process of ventilation has four phases. Which of the following correctly describes the events of Phase III?
delivery of oxygen to the erythrocytes, and the removal of carbon dioxide from the erythrocytes and the bloodstream
movement of ambient air in and out of the respiratory tract
diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli
regulation of ventilation
Explanation
The four phases of ventilation are as follows: Phase I is the movement of ambient air in and out of the respiratory tract; Phase II is the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli; Phase III entails the delivery of oxygen to erythrocytes, and the removal of carbon dioxide from the erythrocytes and the bloodstream; Phase IV is the regulation of ventilation.
The critical care nurse knows that metabolic acidosis is defined by which of the following parameters?
pH < 7.35; and a \[HCO3-\] < 22 mEq/L
pH > 7.35; and a \[HCO3-\] > 22 mEq/L
pH < 7.45; and a \[HCO3-\] < 26 mEq/L
pH < 7.35; and a \[HCO3-\] > 26 mEq/L
Explanation
Metabolic acidosis is one of the four main acid-base disorders. The disorder is characterized by a bloodstream pH < 7.35 and a \[HCO3-\] < 22 mEq/L. The decrease in bicarbonate ion can be due to an endocrine, gastrointestinal, or renal disorder, as well as a nutritional deficiency.
A patient in the ICU presents with an acute disorder of attention, perception, and memory impairment. This is most accurately described as:
delirium
dementia
attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD)
dysthymic disorder
Explanation
Delirium is an acute disorder characterized by attention, perception, and memory impairment. It is often the symptom of an underlying condition such as dementia, medication overdose, substance intoxication, and electrolyte disorders.
Direct-acting vasodilators that are smooth muscle relaxants include which of the following medications?
I. Nitroglycerin
II. Furosemide
III. Nitroprusside
I and III only
III only
I and II only
II only
Explanation
Smooth muscle relaxants that are direct-acting vasodilators include nitroprusside and nitroglycerin. These medications, which are used in the treatment of heart failure, work to reduce cardiac filling pressures and dilate coronary arteries. Furosemide is a loop diuretic.