Contemporary Patterns of Industrialization & Development

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AP Human Geography › Contemporary Patterns of Industrialization & Development

Questions 1 - 10
1

Which of the following levels of economic activity is associated with collaborative scientific research and data analysis to aid in decision-making?

Quinary

Quaternary

Tertiary

Secondary

Primary

Explanation

Quinary economic activities are sometimes considered as a subset of quaternary economic activities. Other times, they are considered to be an independent group of economic activity. Quinary economics are separate from quaternary because they use collaborative research projects, data analysis, and scientific inquiry designed to improve policy-making of governments and decision-making of corporations. It is an extremely modern branch of economic activity and one that is still being defined.

2

Which of the following levels of economic activity is associated with collaborative scientific research and data analysis to aid in decision-making?

Quinary

Quaternary

Tertiary

Secondary

Primary

Explanation

Quinary economic activities are sometimes considered as a subset of quaternary economic activities. Other times, they are considered to be an independent group of economic activity. Quinary economics are separate from quaternary because they use collaborative research projects, data analysis, and scientific inquiry designed to improve policy-making of governments and decision-making of corporations. It is an extremely modern branch of economic activity and one that is still being defined.

3

The process of deindustrialization in the developed world has led to a transition into __________.

service-based economies

boom and bust economic cycles

cottage industries

homestead communities

agricultural economies

Explanation

During the past half-century much of the developed world has experienced a process known as deindustrialization -factories and manufacturing centers have closed down in the United States of America, Western Europe, and Japan and those jobs have been outsourced to the developing world. This has led to the rise of “service-based economies” in the developed world. A “service-based economy” is an economy in which most of the workers are involved in providing services such as research, marketing, telecommunications, innovation, teaching, and so on.

4

The process of deindustrialization in the developed world has led to a transition into __________.

service-based economies

boom and bust economic cycles

cottage industries

homestead communities

agricultural economies

Explanation

During the past half-century much of the developed world has experienced a process known as deindustrialization -factories and manufacturing centers have closed down in the United States of America, Western Europe, and Japan and those jobs have been outsourced to the developing world. This has led to the rise of “service-based economies” in the developed world. A “service-based economy” is an economy in which most of the workers are involved in providing services such as research, marketing, telecommunications, innovation, teaching, and so on.

5

Which of these is not a major offshore financial center?

These are all examples of major offshore financial centers

The Cayman Islands

The Bahamas

Switzerland

Singapore

Explanation

The “offshore” aspect of “offshore financial centers” refers to the fact that these countries are usually small islands but they do not have to be. In fact, Switzerland is one of the most historically significant “offshore financial centers” in the world, and it continues to be extremely influential to this day. An “offshore financial center” is a country that encourages foreign companies to conduct financial transactions in their territory by providing very low tax rates and varying degrees of institutional secrecy.

6

Which of these is not a major offshore financial center?

These are all examples of major offshore financial centers

The Cayman Islands

The Bahamas

Switzerland

Singapore

Explanation

The “offshore” aspect of “offshore financial centers” refers to the fact that these countries are usually small islands but they do not have to be. In fact, Switzerland is one of the most historically significant “offshore financial centers” in the world, and it continues to be extremely influential to this day. An “offshore financial center” is a country that encourages foreign companies to conduct financial transactions in their territory by providing very low tax rates and varying degrees of institutional secrecy.

7

Which of these levels of economic activity is concerned with manufacturing and the assembly of raw materials?

Secondary

Primary

Tertiary

Quinary

Quaternary

Explanation

Secondary economic activities are areas of business concerned with the manufacturing or assembly of raw materials into products that can be sold on the mass-market. During the Industrial Revolution most of Europe and the United States of America was engaged in secondary economic activities.

8

Which of the following is NOT a major cause of increased globalization?

A return to agricultural lifestyles

Advances in transportation

Advances in communication

Investment in foreign markets

Spread of mass culture around the world

Explanation

"Globalization" is a broad term that describes the increased interconnectivity between different regions and countries across the globe. While different cultures had always shared ideas and economic products, the nineteenth century saw a rapid rise in globalization that has continued into the twenty first century thanks to improved transportation, communication, mass culture, and foreign investment.

9

Which of these industrial areas provides the world's largest supply of low-cost labor?

China

South Korea

Brazil

New England

India

Explanation

China provides the greatest supply of low-cost labor, followed by South Korea and India. New England is not a feasible option.

10

What primarily separates the so-called “fast world” from the “slow world”?

Access to high-level telecommunication and transportation technology

Access to high-levels of education and relatively high levels of female empowerment

Access to reliable medical care and sufficient food security

The ability to vote and to buy and sell on an open market

All of these

Explanation

The “fast world,” as distinct from the “slow world,” is defined by high-level telecommunication and transportation technology. Although the other answer choices might be generally true of the differences between “fast world” countries and “slow world” countries they are not as close to the exact definition as the correct answer.

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