All AP Chemistry Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #12 : Thermodynamics
What type of energy conversion occurs during an endothermic reaction?
Kinetic energy to potential energy
Kinetic energy to chemical energy
Temperature to chemical energy
Chemical energy to kinetic energy
Nuclear energy to chemical energy
Kinetic energy to chemical energy
In an endothermic reaction, heat is absorbed and converted into chemical energy. Heat is the sum of molecular kinetic energy in a sample, so kinetic energy is converted into chemical energy. Note that temperature is a measure of heat, and is not a type of energy in itself.
Example Question #2 : Endothermic And Exothermic Reactions
What will happen to the rate of an exothermic reaction if the temperature is increased?
It will be unaffected
It will decrease
It will increase
It depends on the initial concentrations of the reactants
It will increase
The rate of a reaction will always increase with temperature.
Do not confuse the rate at which a reaction proceeds with the final equilibrium of the reaction. Yes, increasing the temperature of an exothermic reaction will push the equilibrium towards the reactant's side, but this equilibrium will be achieved much more quickly at higher temperatures. Kinetics and thermodynamics are two completely different ways to observe a reaction.
Example Question #1 : Endothermic And Exothermic Reactions
If a reaction is endothermic and occurs spontaneously, which of the following is not true?
ΔH > 0
ΔG < 0
K = 0
ΔS > 0
K = 0
ΔH is always positive for an endothermic reaction, and ΔG is always negative for a spontaneous reaction. Given the equation delta G = ΔH – T(ΔS), T(ΔS) is positive, so ΔS is positive. We do not know anything about the equilibrium of the reaction.
Example Question #41 : Thermochemistry And Kinetics
If a reaction has a negative entropy and a negative enthalpy value, which of the following terms describes the energy of this reaction?
Endergonic and exergonic are terms used to describe the free energy of a reaction, so they do not apply in this case since there is not enough information to determine the free energy produced by this reaction without knowing the temperature (delta G = delta H - T delta S). The negative enthalpy allows us to definitively say that the reaction is exothermic.
Example Question #1 : Endothermic And Exothermic Reactions
Consider the following reversible, exothermic reaction:
The temperature of the vessel in which the reaction is taking place is increased from 300K to 350K. This leads the rate of the reverse reaction to __________.
increase
stay the same
The change cannot be determined
decrease
increase
In exothermic and endothermic reactions, heat can be considered to be either a product or reactant, respectively. Increasing the temperature of the an exothermic reaction is effectively the same as adding heat as a product, causing the reaction to shift to the left. This will cause the reverse reaction to increase in rate.
Example Question #1 : Endothermic And Exothermic Reactions
If the decomposition of 2 moles of gaseous into 1 mole each of gaseous and gaseous at absorbs of heat energy, then what is the standard heat of formation of in kilojoules per mole?
The answer cannot be determined without additional information
From the question stem, we are told that the breakdown of 2 moles of gaseous requires an absorption of of energy. For simplification, we can write out the reaction as:
By definition, the heat of formation of a compound is the enthalpy change that occurs for the formation () of that compound from its elements in their standard state. Since and are in their standard state, we know that they have a heat of formation of zero, thus simplifying the calculation. Thus, if we reverse the above reaction, we see that:
Notice that by reversing the reaction, we are also reversing the sign for the enthalpy of the reaction. Now, to calculate the of as kilojoules per mole, we need to multiply the reaction by one-half to obtain:
Example Question #12 : Thermodynamics
The of individual products and reactants can be utilized to determine if the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.
Consider the following equation:
Use a standard enthalpy of formation table to calculate the , and determine if the reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
, the reaction is endothermic
, the reaction is exothermic
, the reaction is exothermic
, the reaction is exothermic
, the reaction is endothermic
, the reaction is endothermic
We can calculate the standard change in enthalpy for the reaction using the following equation:
of
of
of
Plug in known values and solve.
A negative indicates that the reaction is exothermic. This means that the reaction will release energy (usually in the form of heat) to the surroundings.
A positive indicates that the reaction is endothermic. This means that the reaction will absorb energy (usually in the form of heat) from the surroundings.
Therefore, this overall reaction is endothermic.
Example Question #1 : Endothermic And Exothermic Reactions
The reaction shown is __________, and heat is __________ by the reaction.
endothermic . . . released
endothermic . . . absorbed
exothermic . . . released
exothermic . . . absorbed
exothermic . . . released
Negative enthalpy change() indicates that heat is on the product side of the reaction, or, is released by the reaction. This is also the definition of an exothermic reaction.