4th Grade Science

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Questions 1 - 10
1

Jihoon claims that changes to a landscape are only visible above ground. Elicia tells Jihoon that he is wrong because we can see changes to landscapes both above and below ground. Which of the following statements is the BEST support for Elicia’s thinking?

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It is difficult to observe changes to landscapes from the underground.

Underground changes to landscapes can be evidenced in caves and underwater trenches.

The landscape cannot change if it isn’t exposed to oxygen.

None of these statements could be used as an argument for Elicia’s claim.

Explanation

Changes to landscapes are most commonly viewed above ground; however, they are also visible underground. As shown in the picture, changes can be seen underground in the form of rocky trenches caused by tectonic plate movement, altering the topography of the ocean floor. Another way changes to landscapes can be observed underground is by studying caves and their slowly growing stalagmites, sinkholes, and shifts in their soluble rocks.

2

Which of these has the most speed and energy?

A cat resting in the windowsill

A car parked in the driveway

A motorcycle driving down the road

A teddy bear sitting at a tea party

Explanation

An inference can be made that the higher something’s speed is, the more energy it has. Higher amounts of energy will result in a more significant change of motion for the object it is acting on. When the speed decreases, the distance the object moves also decreases. There is a direct relationship between speed and energy. A motorcycle driving down the road has the most speed and energy.

3

Which of the following is an example of a good conductor of heat?

Metal

Plastic

Fabric

Clay

Explanation

Metal is the best conductor of heat because its atoms are arranged in a way that allows electrons to travel freely, meaning they can pass energy more quickly.

4

If a bike traveled in , how fast was the bike traveling?

Explanation

To answer this question, we need to recall the formula for speed:

We can plug in the known values from the question to solve:

5

Glen and his friend London are going sledding at a local park. There are two hills to choose from, "The Bunny Slopes," which are small hills and lots of flat surfaces, and "The Dragon," which is a steep hill and not for beginners. If London goes first and reaches the bottom and Glen crashes into him from behind on "The Dragon," what would happen to the motion of their sleds?

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Glen's sled would slow down or stop on impact, and London's sled would move forward.

Glen's sled would move forward on impact, and London's sled would stop.

Glen's sled would speed up on impact, and London's sled would move forward.

Glen's sled would speed up on impact, and London's sled would stop.

Explanation

If London is waiting at the bottom of the hill and Glen crashes into him there will be a change in the energy transferred when the collision takes place. When Glen hits the back of London his sled will stop or slow down while London's sled will be pushed forward and move. There is a transfer of energy from Glen to London that takes place when any two objects collide.

6

The diagrams below show a force on an object and its motion.

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Which diagram correctly shows the relationship between the force and the motion?

Diagram A

Diagram B

Diagram C

Diagram D

Explanation

The diagram that correctly depicts the relationship between force and motion is Diagram B. The force of an object is colliding with the white sphere and pushing it forward. The sphere will move in the direction it is being pushed. If two objects collide, energy will be transferred between both, and there will be a change in motion.

7

Which object is an example of a device that converts electrical currents into heat energy?

A toaster

A freezer

The Sun

A candle

Explanation

A toaster is an example of how a device can convert electrical currents into heat energy. The toaster is plugged into the electrical outlet and electricity flows through the cord and into the heating elements of the toaster. The toaster than warms and crisps the food item placed inside. The heating coils warm the bread as a result of electrical currents being transferred.

8

Why is it important to have a good conductor when trying to transfer energy through electrical currents?

Conductors tell electrons what to do so they can create electricity

Conductors transmit energy so electrons can flow easily

Conductors block the electrons from traveling so the electricity can build-up

Conductors are not necessary when trying to transfer energy through electrical currents

Explanation

Because electricity is the flow of electrons, or negatively charged particles in atoms, conductors are necessary when trying to transfer energy through electrical currents. Conductors allow electrons to flow easily, which in turn transmits energy. Someone would not want to block electrons from traveling whatsoever when trying to create an electrical current - materials that do this would be called insulators.

9

Energy transferred by sound must travel through a medium. Which answer choice(s) are an example of a medium?

Solid

Liquid

Gas

All answer choices are mediums.

Explanation

Sound waves must travel through a medium. This medium can be a solid, liquid, or gas. The sound waves move through each of these mediums by vibrating the molecules in the matter. Sound travels fastest through solids. Molecules in a solid medium are much closer together than those in a liquid or gas, allowing sound waves to move more quickly through it.

10

Which of the following is an example of energy being transferred by sound?

A balloon popping

Clog dancing

Meat sizzling on the grill

All of these are examples of energy being transferred by sound.

Explanation

Each of the examples in this question are scenarios in which sound would be transferred because they all cause vibrations that travel through a medium.

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