After the Napoleonic Wars at the start of the nineteenth century, many states were redrawn and reorganized. Additionally, the romantic and revolutionary movements of Europe in the early nineteenth century highlighted the shared histories of certain peoples. The desire for shared cultural, language, and religious heritages to be united in one state would both create modern Italy and Germany, while also spelling the destruction of multi-ethnic and multi-lingual nations like the Austro-Hungarian Empire by the end of World War I in 1918.

After the Napoleonic Wars at the start of the nineteenth century, many states were redrawn and reorganized. Additionally, the romantic and revolutionary movements of Europe in the early nineteenth century highlighted the shared histories of certain peoples. The desire for shared cultural, language, and religious heritages to be united in one state would both create modern Italy and Germany, while also spelling the destruction of multi-ethnic and multi-lingual nations like the Austro-Hungarian Empire by the end of World War I in 1918.

German unification was achieved largely as a result of the territorial and political ambitions of its “iron chancellor,” Otto von Bismarck. German nationalism had long existed as a tenuous and optimistic ideal, but the fragmented nature of the Holy Roman Empire and the German principalities made such a unification very difficult. It was not until the ascension of Prussia as one of the preeminent powers in Europe that German national unification was anything more than a pipe dream. Bismarck governed Prussia effectively and realized the way to engender German nationalism was to create a common enemy—France and Austria. A series of wars with both these countries created support for a unified Germany.

German unification was achieved largely as a result of the territorial and political ambitions of its “iron chancellor,” Otto von Bismarck. German nationalism had long existed as a tenuous and optimistic ideal, but the fragmented nature of the Holy Roman Empire and the German principalities made such a unification very difficult. It was not until the ascension of Prussia as one of the preeminent powers in Europe that German national unification was anything more than a pipe dream. Bismarck governed Prussia effectively and realized the way to engender German nationalism was to create a common enemy—France and Austria. A series of wars with both these countries created support for a unified Germany.

The Panama Canal was primarily built between 1904 and 1914 by American authorities. The Canal cuts through the territory of Panama and greatly reduces the amount of time required to ship goods from Europe, Asia, and Africa to the Western coast of the United States and South America. The Panama Canal remained under American ownership until 1999, when it was passed over to Panamanian control.

The Panama Canal was primarily built between 1904 and 1914 by American authorities. The Canal cuts through the territory of Panama and greatly reduces the amount of time required to ship goods from Europe, Asia, and Africa to the Western coast of the United States and South America. The Panama Canal remained under American ownership until 1999, when it was passed over to Panamanian control.

Fascism shared many goals of socialism, such as a living wage and shared economic indpendence, but sought those goals through close work with corporations. Leaders like Benito Mussolini and Adolph Hitler used corporate leaders as important backers and gave them preferential treatment in government contracts. This "third way" was characteristic of Fascism's approach to economics.

Fascism shared many goals of socialism, such as a living wage and shared economic indpendence, but sought those goals through close work with corporations. Leaders like Benito Mussolini and Adolph Hitler used corporate leaders as important backers and gave them preferential treatment in government contracts. This "third way" was characteristic of Fascism's approach to economics.

Tsar Alexander II is generally remembered as a liberalizing monarch who effected widespread social, economic, and political upheaval during his reign. He is most often remembered for his 1861 Emancipation of the Serfs Act. Prior to Alexander’s interference, the Russian economy had functioned much like a European medieval feudal system with the serf-peasantry comprable to slaves.

Tsar Alexander II is generally remembered as a liberalizing monarch who effected widespread social, economic, and political upheaval during his reign. He is most often remembered for his 1861 Emancipation of the Serfs Act. Prior to Alexander’s interference, the Russian economy had functioned much like a European medieval feudal system with the serf-peasantry comprable to slaves.