AP World History: Modern › Restructuring after the World Wars
What was NOT one of the major consequences of the Marshall Plan?
Revolts in Warsaw Pact nations such as Czechoslovakia.
Quicker economic recovery for Western Europe compared to the Warsaw Pact nations.
Stronger diplomatic ties between Western Europe and the United States.
Creation of the Molotov Plan, the Soviet Union's attempt to give aid to Warsaw Pact nations.
Although Czechoslovakia did have a famous revolt known as the Prague Spring, it did not occur until 1968, much after the Marshall Plan was implemented.
Which of the following organizations was created as a direct response to World War II?
The United Nations
The League of Nations
The World Health Organization
The Red Cross
The International Monetary Fund
The United Nations was founded officially on October 24, 1945 in New York. Created to find peaceful resolutions to international conflicts and avoid conflagrations like that which had just consumed the world for more than a half decade, the UN has been a presence on the international stage ever since.
After World War II, what action did the United States take to help rebuild Europe?
It passed the Marshall Plan
It established the Warsaw Pact
It established colonies in mainland Europe
It withdrew all capital from Europe, letting the economies of Europe's nations reestablish themselves
The United States did nothing to rebuild Europe
Shortly after the end of World War II, tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union quickly flared. In order to swiftly build a sphere of influence in Western Europe and prevent the Soviets from expanding their own, the United States passed the Marshall Plan. A massive influx of capital, the Marshall Plan went a long way to rebuilding both the economy and infrastructure of Europe's war-torn nations.
Which of the following wars were waged by the USSR following Bolshevik consolidation of power in the interwar period?
The Polish-Soviet War
The Prussian-Soviet War
The Invasion of Afghanistan
The Annexation of Mongolia
The Invasion of Bessarabia
The Polish-Soviet War took place between 1919 and 1921, ending in a bloody Soviet loss. Inspired to "spread the Revolution", Soviet Russian forces attacked across Eastern Europe, with the ultimate goal of annexing Poland. Important to note is that it was Soviet Russians, not Soviets who attacked. At the time, only Russia, not all of what would become the Soviet Union, was under Soviet control. These non-Russian areas (the Central Asian Republics for example) would only be under Soviet control later on.
Which of these countries was NOT formed by the Treaty of Versailles?
Ukraine
Poland
Lithuania
Latvia
All of the above countries were formed after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 except for Ukraine. Ukraine was founded in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when it officially became an independent, sovereign state.
Which of the following nations refused Marshall Plan aid from the United States?
The USSR
France
Germany
Northern Ireland
The United Kingdom
The USSR and a handful of her satellite states refused Marshal Plan aid, seeing it as a ploy on the part of the United States to expand its influence at the expense of the USSR as well as an aggressive move on the part of capitalist powers to undermine the legitimacy of communist power in Europe.
Which of the following sets of European countries were created through international agreements in the postwar world?
Finland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland
Finland, Switzerland, Latvia, Estonia
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Austria
Albania, Poland, Hungary, Lithuania
Romania, Austria, Slovakia, Poland
The Treaty of Versailles and subsequent agreements recognized the creation of nine new countries from the remains of the Austrian, Russian, and German Empires: Finland, Lithuania, Lativia, and Estonia from Russia; Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Austria, and Hungary from the former Austrian Empire; and, Poland, which included parts of the pre-war German, Austrian, and Russian Empires. Switzerland, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania existed before WWI, while Slovakia was created by the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993.
What was the Balfour Declaration?
The Balfour Declaration was a statement issued by the British Foreign Secretary James Balfour in 1917 that asserted the British Government's support for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine at some future date
The Balfour Declaration was a statement by the Canadian Prime Minister James Balfour that confirmed Canada's alliance with the British at the beginning of the war
The Balfour Declaration was a statement by American Senator James Balfour that offered his services as a peace negotiator between Germany and the Allies in 1916
The Balfour Declaration was a 1917 statement by the British Prime Minister James Balfour that confirmed British support for the establishment of a state that would unite the Arabic peoples of the Ottoman Empire after the war
The Balfour Declaration was a statement issued in 1918 by the British General Sir James Balfour that the Allies would only end the war after an unconditional surrender from Germany
The Balfour Declaration was issued in 1917 by the British Foreign Secretary asserting British support for the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine, which had been part of the Ottoman Empire. This declaration was an attempt by the British to weaken the support of German and Austrian Jews for their governments' pursuit of the war. This proposal contradicted a promise made to the Sharif of Mecca (via the Hussein-McMahon Correspondence of 1915) that the British would support the creation of an Arab state (that included the territory of Palestine) if the Arab population of the Ottoman Empire would revolt against that state. In fact, both promises contradicted a secret plan agreed between Britain and France in 1916 (the Sykes-Picot Agreement) to split and occupy the Arab territories of the Ottoman Empire after the war.
What was the name of the diplomatic agreement made by France and Britain that carved up the conquered Ottoman Empire, forming most national borders of the contemporary Middle East?
The Sykes-Picot Agreement
The Great Game
The Good Neighbor Policy
The Jerusalem Accord
The Treaty of Malta
The Sykes-Picot Agreement, signed in 1916 and enacted after the end of WWI, carved up former Ottoman lands into "mandates", artificially defined areas to be watched over by British and French forces. Though there have been subsequent border changes of varying degrees, the borders drawn in the agreement are, by and large, the borders accepted by most contemporary Middle Eastern states.
After World War II, Germany was split into four different zones of Allied occupation.
Which Allied country controlled the largest area in Berlin, which ultimately led to Cold War conflict and the "Berlin Airlift"?
Soviet Union
United States
France
Spain
United Kingdom
After World War II, the Cold War between the communist USSR and the rest of the western, capitalist nations erupted in Berlin. Berlin was located in Soviet controlled East Germany, but was also partitioned into four sections controlled by France, the UK, the US, and the USSR. Between June 1948 and May 1949, the Soviet Union blockaded access to the Western, non-Soviet portions of Berlin in the hopes of the entire city eventually coming under their sphere of influence. In response, the capitalist allies conducted over 200,000 flights, dropping food and other necessities into the blockaded areas of western Berlin. This was successful in maintaining West Berlin free from the communist block, but also led to the erection of the Berlin Wall in the 1960s.