All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Which heat transfer method can occur through a vacuum?
Answer: Radiation. EM waves don't need matter to propagate, unlike conduction and convection.
Flashcard 2: Which heat transfer method requires a moving fluid to carry energy?
Answer: Convection. Density differences drive fluid circulation that carries thermal energy.
Flashcard 3: What is radiation as a mechanism of heat transfer?
Answer: Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves (no medium required). Energy travels as EM waves, even through empty space.
Flashcard 4: Which heat transfer method requires direct contact between particles?
Answer: Conduction. Vibrating particles transfer energy to adjacent particles through collisions.
Flashcard 5: What is thermal radiation?
Answer: Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves (no medium required). Energy travels as infrared and other EM waves through space.
Flashcard 6: What is thermal convection?
Answer: Heat transfer by bulk motion of a fluid (liquid or gas). Warmer fluid rises while cooler fluid sinks, creating circulation.
Flashcard 7: What is thermal conduction?
Answer: Heat transfer through direct particle contact in a material. Energy moves through vibrations passed between neighboring particles.
Flashcard 8: Which heat transfer method involves infrared energy as a common form?
Answer: Radiation. Most thermal radiation occurs in the infrared portion of the EM spectrum.
Flashcard 9: Which state(s) of matter can convection occur in under normal conditions?
Answer: Fluids only: liquids and gases. Particles must flow freely; solids lack the mobility for bulk motion.
Flashcard 10: What type of heat transfer dominates in boiling water as hotter water rises and cooler sinks?
Answer: Convection. Density-driven currents form as hot water rises and cool water descends.
Flashcard 11: What type of heat transfer dominates within a solid metal bar heated at one end?
Answer: Conduction. Atoms in solids vibrate in place, passing energy along the bar.
Flashcard 12: Which option best describes convection: particle collisions, fluid currents, or EM waves?
Answer: Fluid currents (bulk motion of a fluid). Mass movement of heated fluid transfers energy.
Flashcard 13: Which surface is a better radiator: dull black or shiny silver (same temperature)?
Answer: Dull black. Dark surfaces absorb and emit radiation efficiently.
Flashcard 14: Which surface is a poorer absorber of thermal radiation: dull black or shiny silver?
Answer: Shiny silver. Reflective surfaces minimize radiation absorption.
Flashcard 15: What is conduction as a mechanism of heat transfer?
Answer: Heat transfer by direct contact between particles/materials. Energy transfers through molecular vibration and electron movement.
Flashcard 16: Which option best describes conduction: particle collisions, fluid currents, or EM waves?
Answer: Particle collisions (direct contact). Heat flows through direct molecular contact.
Flashcard 17: Which heat transfer method involves energy transfer by infrared electromagnetic waves?
Answer: Radiation. All objects emit infrared based on their temperature.
Flashcard 18: Which heat transfer method is typically strongest in metals due to free electrons?
Answer: Conduction. Free electrons efficiently transfer kinetic energy.
Flashcard 19: Which heat transfer method is driven by density differences in a fluid due to temperature?
Answer: Convection. Hot fluid expands, becomes less dense, and rises.
Flashcard 20: Which heat transfer method can occur through a vacuum: conduction, convection, or radiation?
Answer: Radiation. Only electromagnetic waves can propagate without matter.
Flashcard 21: Which heat transfer method requires a material medium to occur: conduction, convection, or radiation?
Answer: Conduction and convection require a medium. Radiation travels through vacuum; the others need matter.
Flashcard 22: What is convection as a mechanism of heat transfer?
Answer: Heat transfer by bulk motion of a fluid (liquid or gas). Warmer fluid rises, cooler fluid sinks, creating circulation.
Flashcard 23: Which option best describes radiation: particle collisions, fluid currents, or EM waves?
Answer: Electromagnetic waves. Energy transmitted without requiring a medium.