Distinguish between igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks

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Earth Science › Distinguish between igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks

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1

Screen shot 2020 06 23 at 3.04.04 pm

What type of rock belongs in the space labeled "#2" in this diagram of the rock cycle?

metamorphic

sedimentary

igneous

not enough information

Explanation

Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers. As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.

Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground. Types of igneous rocks include basalt, granite, pumice, and obsidian.

2

How is intrusive igneous rock formed and what is the resulting texture?

Magma cools slowly, creating a coarse grained texture.

Magma cools slowly, creating a smooth texture.

Magma cools quickly, creating a coarse grained texture.

Magma cools quickly, creating a smooth texture.

Explanation

The answer is "Magma cools slowly, creating a coarse grained texture."

Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers.

As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.

Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground.

3

4cadb6dd 1dd8 b71b 0b6575b688041676

What type of rock is pictured?

intrusive igneous

extrusive igneous

foliated metamorphic

exfoliated metamorphic

Explanation

Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers. As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.

Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground. Types of igneous rocks include basalt, granite, pumice, and obsidian.

4

Granite2 copy

What type of rock is granite? (Pictured above)

igneous

metamorphic

sedimentary

crystalline

Explanation

The answer is "igneous."

Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers.

As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.

Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground.

5

You pick up a rock and it is composed of several different sized pebbles, sand, pieces of other rock cemented together. What type of rock are you holding?

sedimentary

igneous

metamorphic

mineral

Explanation

The answer is "sedimentary."

Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers.

As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.

Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground.

6

Which of the following lists rocks that are metamorphic?

slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss

sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate

basalt, granite, quartz, and topaz

pumice, and obsidian

Explanation

Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers. As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.

Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground. Types of igneous rocks include basalt, granite, pumice, and obsidian.

7

Which type of rock is most likely to contain fossils?

shale

obsidian

basalt

quartz

Explanation

The answer is "shale" because shale is a type of sedimentary rock.

Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers.

As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.

Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground

8

Screen shot 2020 06 23 at 3.04.04 pm

Which type of rock belongs in the blank labeled "#3" in the rock cycle diagram pictured?

sedimentary

metamorphic

igneous

none of these

Explanation

Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers. As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.

Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground. Types of igneous rocks include basalt, granite, pumice, and obsidian.

9

Fossiliferouslimestonelg

The rock pictured is a conglomerate of many fossils, sand, and minerals. What type of rock is it?

sedimentary

intrusive igneous

extrusive igneous

foliated metamorphic

Explanation

Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers. As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.

Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground. Types of igneous rocks include basalt, granite, pumice, and obsidian.

10

Slate is a metamorphic rock. Which best describes how slate is formed?

heating and pressurization of shale

compaction of silica and sand

lava extrusions of iron

weathering and deposition of gneiss

Explanation

The answer is "heating and pressurization of shale."

Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers.

As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.

Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground.

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