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MCAT Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems

Biological Molecules

Learn Biological Molecules in MCAT Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems from the production AIPH study guide.

Study guide topics

Cell Structure and FunctionGenetics and InheritanceBiological MoleculesCellular Respiration and MetabolismMolecular Genetics and Gene ExpressionHuman Body Systems IntegrationGenetic Testing and Personalized MedicineBiotechnology in Everyday LifeDisease Prevention and VaccinationActive Recall and Spaced RepetitionCritical Reading and Data InterpretationTime Management and Pacing

Basic Concepts

In a nutshell: Biological molecules are essential chemicals that make up and run living cells.

## The Chemicals of Life All living things are made up of four main types of biological molecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. ### Carbohydrates Sugars and starches that provide energy and structural support. ### Proteins Made of amino acids, proteins perform most cellular functions, from enzymes to structural components. ### Lipids Fats and oils that store energy and make up cell membranes. ### Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA store and transmit genetic information. ### Everyday Importance A healthy diet requires a balance of these molecules. Disorders like diabetes and high cholesterol stem from imbalances in these biological molecules.

Examples

  • Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
  • DNA stores genetic information in the nucleus of cells.
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