Lewis, Brønsted-Lowry, and Arrhenius Definitions - GRE Subject Test: Chemistry
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What is the definition of a Brønsted-Lowry base?
What is the definition of a Brønsted-Lowry base?
A Brønsted-Lowry base is any compound that accepts protons in solution. Lewis acids and bases refer to the accepting or donating of an electron pair, respectively.
A Brønsted-Lowry base is any compound that accepts protons in solution. Lewis acids and bases refer to the accepting or donating of an electron pair, respectively.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Acids and bases can be described in three principal ways. The Arrhenius definition is the most restrictive. It limits acids and bases to species that donate protons and hydroxide ions in solution, respectively. Examples of such acids include HCl and HBr, while KOH and NaOH are examples of bases. When in aqueous solution, these acids proceed to an equilibrium state through a dissociation reaction.
All of the bases proceed in a similar fashion.
The Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid is a more inclusive approach. All Arrhenius acids and bases are also Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases, but the converse is not true. Brønsted-Lowry acids still reach equilibrium through the same dissociation reaction as Arrhenius acids, but the acid character is defined by different parameters. The Brønsted-Lowry definition considers bases to be hydroxide donors, like the Arrhenius definition, but also includes conjugate bases such as the A- in the above reaction. In the reverse reaction, A- accepts the proton to regenerate HA. The Brønsted-Lowry definition thus defines bases as proton acceptors, and acids as proton donors.
In the reverse reaction of 
, the proton is acting as a(n) __________, and is thus a __________.
Acids and bases can be described in three principal ways. The Arrhenius definition is the most restrictive. It limits acids and bases to species that donate protons and hydroxide ions in solution, respectively. Examples of such acids include HCl and HBr, while KOH and NaOH are examples of bases. When in aqueous solution, these acids proceed to an equilibrium state through a dissociation reaction.
All of the bases proceed in a similar fashion.
The Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid is a more inclusive approach. All Arrhenius acids and bases are also Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases, but the converse is not true. Brønsted-Lowry acids still reach equilibrium through the same dissociation reaction as Arrhenius acids, but the acid character is defined by different parameters. The Brønsted-Lowry definition considers bases to be hydroxide donors, like the Arrhenius definition, but also includes conjugate bases such as the A- in the above reaction. In the reverse reaction, A- accepts the proton to regenerate HA. The Brønsted-Lowry definition thus defines bases as proton acceptors, and acids as proton donors.
In the reverse reaction of
In terms of the passage, the lone proton can be considered a proton donor and would, therefore, be a Brønsted-Lowry acid. This is not an answer choice.
The third acid-base definition is the Lewis definition, which states that acids are electron acceptors and bases are electron donors. The negative charge on the 
signifies that it is a Lewis base with available electrons to donate. The proton is accepting these electrons from 
, and is thus acting as a Lewis acid.
In terms of the passage, the lone proton can be considered a proton donor and would, therefore, be a Brønsted-Lowry acid. This is not an answer choice.
The third acid-base definition is the Lewis definition, which states that acids are electron acceptors and bases are electron donors. The negative charge on the
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following molecules or ions have the greatest ability to act like a Lewis acid?
Which of the following molecules or ions have the greatest ability to act like a Lewis acid?
Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors. Molecules and ions that have a full octet cannot act a Lewis acid, therefore 
and 
are not lewis acids. 
is very stable and insoluble and cannot accept an electron pair. 
is a well known base and has extremely weak acidity. 
is a transition metal ion. Transition metal are known to be Lewis acids because of their positive charge which gives them the ability to accept electron pairs.
Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors. Molecules and ions that have a full octet cannot act a Lewis acid, therefore
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following is not a strong electrophile?
Which of the following is not a strong electrophile?
One of the easiest ways of determining if a molecule is an electrophile is by the presence of a positive charge. Electrophiles are in need of electrons, therefore they are electron deficient and can be attacked by nucleophiles (compounds that are electron rich). A nucleophile is a compound that provides a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. Nucleophiles are electron rich and one of the easiest types of nucleophiles to recognize are ones carrying a negative charge. 
is the only option given that contains a negative charge and therefore is not an electrophile.
One of the easiest ways of determining if a molecule is an electrophile is by the presence of a positive charge. Electrophiles are in need of electrons, therefore they are electron deficient and can be attacked by nucleophiles (compounds that are electron rich). A nucleophile is a compound that provides a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. Nucleophiles are electron rich and one of the easiest types of nucleophiles to recognize are ones carrying a negative charge.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Acids and bases can be described in three principal ways. The Arrhenius definition is the most restrictive. It limits acids and bases to species that donate protons and hydroxide ions in solution, respectively. Examples of such acids include HCl and HBr, while KOH and NaOH are examples of bases. When in aqueous solution, these acids proceed to an equilibrium state through a dissociation reaction.
All of the bases proceed in a similar fashion.
The Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid is a more inclusive approach. All Arrhenius acids and bases are also Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases, but the converse is not true. Brønsted-Lowry acids still reach equilibrium through the same dissociation reaction as Arrhenius acids, but the acid character is defined by different parameters. The Brønsted-Lowry definition considers bases to be hydroxide donors, like the Arrhenius definition, but also includes conjugate bases such as the A- in the above reaction. In the reverse reaction, A- accepts the proton to regenerate HA. The Brønsted-Lowry definition thus defines bases as proton acceptors, and acids as proton donors.
In the reverse reaction of , the proton is acting as a(n) __________, and is thus a __________.
Acids and bases can be described in three principal ways. The Arrhenius definition is the most restrictive. It limits acids and bases to species that donate protons and hydroxide ions in solution, respectively. Examples of such acids include HCl and HBr, while KOH and NaOH are examples of bases. When in aqueous solution, these acids proceed to an equilibrium state through a dissociation reaction.
All of the bases proceed in a similar fashion.
The Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid is a more inclusive approach. All Arrhenius acids and bases are also Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases, but the converse is not true. Brønsted-Lowry acids still reach equilibrium through the same dissociation reaction as Arrhenius acids, but the acid character is defined by different parameters. The Brønsted-Lowry definition considers bases to be hydroxide donors, like the Arrhenius definition, but also includes conjugate bases such as the A- in the above reaction. In the reverse reaction, A- accepts the proton to regenerate HA. The Brønsted-Lowry definition thus defines bases as proton acceptors, and acids as proton donors.
In the reverse reaction of
In terms of the passage, the lone proton can be considered a proton donor and would, therefore, be a Brønsted-Lowry acid. This is not an answer choice.
The third acid-base definition is the Lewis definition, which states that acids are electron acceptors and bases are electron donors. The negative charge on the signifies that it is a Lewis base with available electrons to donate. The proton is accepting these electrons from , and is thus acting as a Lewis acid.
In terms of the passage, the lone proton can be considered a proton donor and would, therefore, be a Brønsted-Lowry acid. This is not an answer choice.
The third acid-base definition is the Lewis definition, which states that acids are electron acceptors and bases are electron donors. The negative charge on the
Compare your answer with the correct one above
What is the definition of a Brønsted-Lowry base?
What is the definition of a Brønsted-Lowry base?
A Brønsted-Lowry base is any compound that accepts protons in solution. Lewis acids and bases refer to the accepting or donating of an electron pair, respectively.
A Brønsted-Lowry base is any compound that accepts protons in solution. Lewis acids and bases refer to the accepting or donating of an electron pair, respectively.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following molecules or ions have the greatest ability to act like a Lewis acid?
Which of the following molecules or ions have the greatest ability to act like a Lewis acid?
Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors. Molecules and ions that have a full octet cannot act a Lewis acid, therefore and are not lewis acids. is very stable and insoluble and cannot accept an electron pair. is a well known base and has extremely weak acidity. is a transition metal ion. Transition metal are known to be Lewis acids because of their positive charge which gives them the ability to accept electron pairs.
Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors. Molecules and ions that have a full octet cannot act a Lewis acid, therefore
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following is not a strong electrophile?
Which of the following is not a strong electrophile?
One of the easiest ways of determining if a molecule is an electrophile is by the presence of a positive charge. Electrophiles are in need of electrons, therefore they are electron deficient and can be attacked by nucleophiles (compounds that are electron rich). A nucleophile is a compound that provides a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. Nucleophiles are electron rich and one of the easiest types of nucleophiles to recognize are ones carrying a negative charge. is the only option given that contains a negative charge and therefore is not an electrophile.
One of the easiest ways of determining if a molecule is an electrophile is by the presence of a positive charge. Electrophiles are in need of electrons, therefore they are electron deficient and can be attacked by nucleophiles (compounds that are electron rich). A nucleophile is a compound that provides a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. Nucleophiles are electron rich and one of the easiest types of nucleophiles to recognize are ones carrying a negative charge.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Acids and bases can be described in three principal ways. The Arrhenius definition is the most restrictive. It limits acids and bases to species that donate protons and hydroxide ions in solution, respectively. Examples of such acids include HCl and HBr, while KOH and NaOH are examples of bases. When in aqueous solution, these acids proceed to an equilibrium state through a dissociation reaction.
All of the bases proceed in a similar fashion.
The Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid is a more inclusive approach. All Arrhenius acids and bases are also Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases, but the converse is not true. Brønsted-Lowry acids still reach equilibrium through the same dissociation reaction as Arrhenius acids, but the acid character is defined by different parameters. The Brønsted-Lowry definition considers bases to be hydroxide donors, like the Arrhenius definition, but also includes conjugate bases such as the A- in the above reaction. In the reverse reaction, A- accepts the proton to regenerate HA. The Brønsted-Lowry definition thus defines bases as proton acceptors, and acids as proton donors.
In the reverse reaction of , the proton is acting as a(n) __________, and is thus a __________.
Acids and bases can be described in three principal ways. The Arrhenius definition is the most restrictive. It limits acids and bases to species that donate protons and hydroxide ions in solution, respectively. Examples of such acids include HCl and HBr, while KOH and NaOH are examples of bases. When in aqueous solution, these acids proceed to an equilibrium state through a dissociation reaction.
All of the bases proceed in a similar fashion.
The Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid is a more inclusive approach. All Arrhenius acids and bases are also Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases, but the converse is not true. Brønsted-Lowry acids still reach equilibrium through the same dissociation reaction as Arrhenius acids, but the acid character is defined by different parameters. The Brønsted-Lowry definition considers bases to be hydroxide donors, like the Arrhenius definition, but also includes conjugate bases such as the A- in the above reaction. In the reverse reaction, A- accepts the proton to regenerate HA. The Brønsted-Lowry definition thus defines bases as proton acceptors, and acids as proton donors.
In the reverse reaction of
In terms of the passage, the lone proton can be considered a proton donor and would, therefore, be a Brønsted-Lowry acid. This is not an answer choice.
The third acid-base definition is the Lewis definition, which states that acids are electron acceptors and bases are electron donors. The negative charge on the signifies that it is a Lewis base with available electrons to donate. The proton is accepting these electrons from , and is thus acting as a Lewis acid.
In terms of the passage, the lone proton can be considered a proton donor and would, therefore, be a Brønsted-Lowry acid. This is not an answer choice.
The third acid-base definition is the Lewis definition, which states that acids are electron acceptors and bases are electron donors. The negative charge on the
Compare your answer with the correct one above
What is the definition of a Brønsted-Lowry base?
What is the definition of a Brønsted-Lowry base?
A Brønsted-Lowry base is any compound that accepts protons in solution. Lewis acids and bases refer to the accepting or donating of an electron pair, respectively.
A Brønsted-Lowry base is any compound that accepts protons in solution. Lewis acids and bases refer to the accepting or donating of an electron pair, respectively.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following molecules or ions have the greatest ability to act like a Lewis acid?
Which of the following molecules or ions have the greatest ability to act like a Lewis acid?
Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors. Molecules and ions that have a full octet cannot act a Lewis acid, therefore and are not lewis acids. is very stable and insoluble and cannot accept an electron pair. is a well known base and has extremely weak acidity. is a transition metal ion. Transition metal are known to be Lewis acids because of their positive charge which gives them the ability to accept electron pairs.
Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors. Molecules and ions that have a full octet cannot act a Lewis acid, therefore
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following is not a strong electrophile?
Which of the following is not a strong electrophile?
One of the easiest ways of determining if a molecule is an electrophile is by the presence of a positive charge. Electrophiles are in need of electrons, therefore they are electron deficient and can be attacked by nucleophiles (compounds that are electron rich). A nucleophile is a compound that provides a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. Nucleophiles are electron rich and one of the easiest types of nucleophiles to recognize are ones carrying a negative charge. is the only option given that contains a negative charge and therefore is not an electrophile.
One of the easiest ways of determining if a molecule is an electrophile is by the presence of a positive charge. Electrophiles are in need of electrons, therefore they are electron deficient and can be attacked by nucleophiles (compounds that are electron rich). A nucleophile is a compound that provides a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. Nucleophiles are electron rich and one of the easiest types of nucleophiles to recognize are ones carrying a negative charge.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
What is the definition of a Brønsted-Lowry base?
What is the definition of a Brønsted-Lowry base?
A Brønsted-Lowry base is any compound that accepts protons in solution. Lewis acids and bases refer to the accepting or donating of an electron pair, respectively.
A Brønsted-Lowry base is any compound that accepts protons in solution. Lewis acids and bases refer to the accepting or donating of an electron pair, respectively.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Acids and bases can be described in three principal ways. The Arrhenius definition is the most restrictive. It limits acids and bases to species that donate protons and hydroxide ions in solution, respectively. Examples of such acids include HCl and HBr, while KOH and NaOH are examples of bases. When in aqueous solution, these acids proceed to an equilibrium state through a dissociation reaction.
All of the bases proceed in a similar fashion.
The Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid is a more inclusive approach. All Arrhenius acids and bases are also Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases, but the converse is not true. Brønsted-Lowry acids still reach equilibrium through the same dissociation reaction as Arrhenius acids, but the acid character is defined by different parameters. The Brønsted-Lowry definition considers bases to be hydroxide donors, like the Arrhenius definition, but also includes conjugate bases such as the A- in the above reaction. In the reverse reaction, A- accepts the proton to regenerate HA. The Brønsted-Lowry definition thus defines bases as proton acceptors, and acids as proton donors.
In the reverse reaction of , the proton is acting as a(n) __________, and is thus a __________.
Acids and bases can be described in three principal ways. The Arrhenius definition is the most restrictive. It limits acids and bases to species that donate protons and hydroxide ions in solution, respectively. Examples of such acids include HCl and HBr, while KOH and NaOH are examples of bases. When in aqueous solution, these acids proceed to an equilibrium state through a dissociation reaction.
All of the bases proceed in a similar fashion.
The Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid is a more inclusive approach. All Arrhenius acids and bases are also Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases, but the converse is not true. Brønsted-Lowry acids still reach equilibrium through the same dissociation reaction as Arrhenius acids, but the acid character is defined by different parameters. The Brønsted-Lowry definition considers bases to be hydroxide donors, like the Arrhenius definition, but also includes conjugate bases such as the A- in the above reaction. In the reverse reaction, A- accepts the proton to regenerate HA. The Brønsted-Lowry definition thus defines bases as proton acceptors, and acids as proton donors.
In the reverse reaction of
In terms of the passage, the lone proton can be considered a proton donor and would, therefore, be a Brønsted-Lowry acid. This is not an answer choice.
The third acid-base definition is the Lewis definition, which states that acids are electron acceptors and bases are electron donors. The negative charge on the signifies that it is a Lewis base with available electrons to donate. The proton is accepting these electrons from , and is thus acting as a Lewis acid.
In terms of the passage, the lone proton can be considered a proton donor and would, therefore, be a Brønsted-Lowry acid. This is not an answer choice.
The third acid-base definition is the Lewis definition, which states that acids are electron acceptors and bases are electron donors. The negative charge on the
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following molecules or ions have the greatest ability to act like a Lewis acid?
Which of the following molecules or ions have the greatest ability to act like a Lewis acid?
Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors. Molecules and ions that have a full octet cannot act a Lewis acid, therefore and are not lewis acids. is very stable and insoluble and cannot accept an electron pair. is a well known base and has extremely weak acidity. is a transition metal ion. Transition metal are known to be Lewis acids because of their positive charge which gives them the ability to accept electron pairs.
Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors. Molecules and ions that have a full octet cannot act a Lewis acid, therefore
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following is not a strong electrophile?
Which of the following is not a strong electrophile?
One of the easiest ways of determining if a molecule is an electrophile is by the presence of a positive charge. Electrophiles are in need of electrons, therefore they are electron deficient and can be attacked by nucleophiles (compounds that are electron rich). A nucleophile is a compound that provides a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. Nucleophiles are electron rich and one of the easiest types of nucleophiles to recognize are ones carrying a negative charge. is the only option given that contains a negative charge and therefore is not an electrophile.
One of the easiest ways of determining if a molecule is an electrophile is by the presence of a positive charge. Electrophiles are in need of electrons, therefore they are electron deficient and can be attacked by nucleophiles (compounds that are electron rich). A nucleophile is a compound that provides a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. Nucleophiles are electron rich and one of the easiest types of nucleophiles to recognize are ones carrying a negative charge.
Compare your answer with the correct one above