Political Parties; Elites; Ideologies; Mass Politics

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AP European History › Political Parties; Elites; Ideologies; Mass Politics

Questions 1 - 10
1

Who was the last king of the Pre-Revolution France?

Louis XVI

Louis XIV

Louis XVII

Louis XVIII

Explanation

Louis XVI was the last King of France before the Revolution. He was arrested and executed in 1793. His son, also named Louis, lived until 1795 when he died of illness. However he was never crowned king and therefore is not included in the list of Kings of France.

2

Before the May 3rd Constitution Poland had an elected monarchy. What was this elected monarchy replaced by after the constitution took effect?

Hereditary Monarchy

Federal Republic

Military Dictatorship

Commonwealth

Explanation

The May 3rd Constitution reinstated the hereditary monarchy as Poland's system of government. The intention was to place one strong family that could not be bought or bullied as the head of Poland's failing government. That way they could end the decades of corruption and outside influences that had brought Poland to the brink of destruction; however, this new system only served to be Poland's downfall as its more powerful neighbor did not want to see Poland become powerful again, so rather than allow the new government to become established, they partitioned Poland and annexed its territory.

3

What was the group from the 3rd Estate that ruled France early in the French Revolution?

The National Assembly

The Committee of Public Safety

The Directory

The Consulate

Explanation

The group that represented the Third Estate when the Kings of France called the Estates General was displeased with how power was being shared. Despite having twice the representatives, they did not have twice as many votes as the other estates. They therefore walked out and created their own rival organization that would take power and start the revolution, the National Assembly.

4

What is the Polish Sejm?

It is the Polish Parliament

It is the Polish royal family

It is the name for the Polish nobility

It is the name for the Polish peasant class

Explanation

The Sejm is the Polish Parliament. Historically members were elected by popular vote of landed nobility. Today it is elected by universal ballot.

5

What is the name of the position in Britain that began as an adviser to the King and eventually became an executive itself?

Prime Minister

Member of Parliament

President Pro-tem

Speaker of the House

Explanation

The Prime Minister, as a position, was made in order to be a close adviser of the King, over time the position transitioned to one in the parliament, and to being the leader of the Parliament.

6

The Carnation Revolution of April 25, 1975, led to the fall of authoritarianism in ____________.

Portugal

Spain

Italy

Greece

Albania

Explanation

The Carnation Revolution witnessed the fall of the Estado Novo regime and led to decolonization of Portugal's possessions in Africa. April 25 is celebrated in Portugal as Freedom Day.

7

Following the restoration of the English Monarch under the rule of Charles II in 1660, James II took the throne of England after the death of Charles II in 1685. His reign was short lived as he was forced from power in the Glorious Revolution in 1688.

What event(s) prompted the Glorious Revolution?

James' decision to allow Catholics freedom of religion, coupled with the birth of his son, a Catholic heir

James' decision to convert to Catholicism, and his disbanding of the Anglican Church

James' choice of a Catholic heir, rather than one of his Protestant daughters

James' decision to have seven Bishops of the Anglican Church arrested for libel against him

Explanation

James was an open Catholic, but his daughters from his first marriage were Protestant, thus the people of England thought his Catholic eccentricities would be short lived; however, he granted religious freedom to Catholics, allowing them to take public office in 1687, and in 1688 his second wife gave birth to a son who would be raised Catholic, thus meaning there could be a permanent Catholic dynasty ruling over England. These two events caused many influential members of Parliament to invite William of Orange to invade England and take the throne.

8

Which British monarch abdicated the throne in 1936?

Edward VIII

George VI

George V

Richard IV

Oliver Cromwell

Explanation

Edward VIII became King of the United Kingdom on January 20, 1936, following the death of his father, George V. After becoming the sovereign he began to dislike some of the aspects of court and eventually proposed to Wallis Simpson, a divorced American. This caused a crisis, as the monarch of the United Kingdom cannot be married to someone who has been divorced. The monarch is the head of the Church of England and so being married to a divorcée would have been very problematic and would have caused a lot of turmoil within Parliament. Edward decided to abdicate rather than try to continue as a monarch who had upset the Parliament and the people. Edward was succeeded by his brother, George VI, and was later created the Duke of Windsor.

9

The Communist Manifesto was written by __________.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Josef Stalin and Leon Trotsky

Vladimir Lenin and Fyodor Dostoyevsky

Adam Smith and David Ricardo

Thomas Malthus and Thomas Hobbes

Explanation

The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848. It outlined the beliefs of communism and socialism, providing a unique approach to historical study. Marx portrayed history as a battle of the classes, with the merchant and middle class finally overcoming the landed aristocracy in the nineteenth century; Marx predicted that the working class would shortly overcome the middle and upper classes.

10

Henryk Walezy became the first man elected to the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1573, but he was not Polish or Lithuanian. His real name was Henry Valois. What nation was he from?

France

Germany

Italy

Kingdom of Naples

Explanation

Henry Valois was the third son of the French king, leaving him with the opportunity to accept the throne of the Commonwealth when offered. However, both his older brothers died young, and had no heirs, thus leaving the throne of France to Henry who quickly abdicated from rule of the Commonwealth in order to return to France and become king.

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