AP European History › Colonialism; Imperialism; Decolonization; Globalization
Which modern African nation as not considered a colony by France prior to independence, but was instead considered a département, or part of France?
Algeria
Mali
Senegal
Guinea
Gabon
Mali, Senegal, Guinea, and Gabon were all held within French colonial territory prior to independence. Only Algeria was considered an integral part of the French nation and French soil.
Which of the following East Asian countries was unique in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries for being the only country to resist European imperialism?
Japan
China
India
Vietnam
Laos
All of these countries came under the control of European imperialism in the nineteenth century except for Japan, which was able to maintain its independence. Japan even famously defeated the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. China was divided into spheres of European influence; India was under the direct control of the British government; and Vietnam and Laos were controlled by the French as part of the colony of French Indochina.
In 1898, the Spanish Empire was effectively ended after being defeated in war by which nation?
The United States.
France.
Russia.
Great Britain.
Germany.
The defeat of the Spanish in the Spanish-American War (1899-1902) led to the independence of Cuba and the United States taking control over most of the remaining remnants of the once mighty Spanish Empire. The Americans took direct administration of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
In what year did Romans begin to withdraw from Britain?
410 CE
310 CE
450 CE
700 CE
1066 CE
With the failing of the Western Roman empire, it was forced to withdraw from Britain. The withdrawal of Rome was helped along by many British nobles unhappy with Roman rule. This was one of the first warning signs for the fall of the entire Roman empire.
This dictator fought a long and brutal war of resistance against Dutch control over Indonesia in the decade that followed the end of the Second World War.
Sukarno.
Tito.
Ho Chi Minh.
Pol Pot.
Chiang Kai-Shek.
The Dutch controlled the territory of Indonesia until their defeat to the Japanese in the Second World War. Following the end of the Second World War the Dutch tried to re-implement control, but met with fierce and organized resistance. Sukarno led the resistance against the Dutch until Indonesian independence was formalized in 1954. Sukarno would continue to rule as a military dictator for another decade or so.
Why have former British colonies generally fared better than the former colonies of other European nations in the years since decolonization?
The British encouraged local people to participate and control the administration of their territories.
The British were more careful to leave the economies of former colonies in a viable condition.
The British have committed to the practice of stationing troops in former colonies to promote peace and stability.
The British have lent money, without interest, to many of their former colonies to encourage economic growth.
None of these answers are correct; former British colonies have fared no better or worse than other former colonies.
It is generally accepted by many historians that former British colonies have fared better than the former colonies of other European powers. This is primarily attributed to the British commitment to encourage the local population to participate in and control the administration of their territory. This, it is said, better prepared the colonial people for self-rule following the end of European rule.
What was a consequence of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?
Any European country acquiring an African protectorate had to inform the treaty’s signatories
Leopold II was stripped of the Belgian Congo for crimes against humanity
The British and French permanently resolved their issues in Sudan
Ethiopia and Liberia were incorporated into Italian jurisdiction
David Livingstone was authorized to rescue Henry Stanley from modern Tanzania
Livingstone rescued Stanley before the Berlin Conference. Ethiopia and Liberia were the only free African states at the start of World War I in 1914. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 in Sudan forced a reconciliation between Britain and France, so the Berlin conference did not permanently eliminate disputes. Belgium’s parliament, not an international convention, deprived Leopold II of his personal kingdom in the Congo. The conference did require notification of signatories during the formation of a new protectorate.
Why did war break out between Egypt and an alliance of the French, Israelis and British in the 1950s?
The Egyptian government nationalized the Suez Canal
The Egyptians invaded French-occupied Algeria and Tunisia
The Egyptians refused to allow Britain and France to retain their military bases from the Second World War
The British tried to organize the assassination of the Egyptian Prime Minister
The French provided military support to the Israelis in the conflict of 1948
In 1956, the Egyptian government, led by Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal. This led to a declaration of war from Israel followed in short order to declarations of war by the French and British, as well as by other allies. The war is often seen as the final death of the British Empire, as it ended in failure for the invading powers and humiliation on the international stage.
Which country's parliament took over colonial governance of the Congo Free State after King Leopold II was forced to cede direct rule in 1908?
Belgium
France
England
Germany
Portugal
King Leopold II was required to return the colony over to his nation of Belgium's parliament after widespread condemnation of his rule and widespread atrocities. Atrocities would continue under Belgian colonial rule.
Which of these territories came under French control in the late nineteenth or early twentieth centuries?
I. Algeria
II. Egypt
III. Sudan
IV. Tunisia
V. Morocco
I, IV, and V.
I, II, and III.
II and III.
I only.
IV only.
Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco all came under French administration in the time period mentioned. Algeria, in particular, would have profound implications for the French imperial experience for the next several decades.