Policy and the Branches of Government Practice Test

Congress alone implements policy by sending legislators to conduct inspections and fine polluters, minimizing the need for executive-branch agencies.

The president legislates water-quality thresholds through executive orders that permanently substitute for statutes, eliminating congressional involvement in environmental policy.

The judiciary dominates policy by drafting environmental standards and directly supervising factories, replacing agency expertise with court-ordered technical rules.

State governments exclusively control water regulation under the Tenth Amendment, so federal agencies cannot issue rules or enforce standards.

The federal bureaucracy shapes policy by translating broad statutes into detailed regulations, then enforcing compliance through inspections and administrative penalties.