All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What was the primary language of scholarship during the Renaissance?
Answer: Latin. Universal scholarly language that connected European intellectual communities.
Flashcard 2: Identify the city-state known as the birthplace of the Renaissance.
Answer: Florence. Wealthy banking families like the Medici fostered artistic and intellectual revival.
Flashcard 3: Which navigator first claimed Brazil for Portugal in 1500?
Answer: Pedro Ălvares Cabral. Portuguese explorer who accidentally discovered Brazil en route to India.
Flashcard 4: Identify the city that was the center of the Northern Renaissance.
Answer: Antwerp. Major Flemish trading center where Renaissance art and ideas flourished.
Flashcard 5: Which 16th-century council was convened to address the Reformation?
Answer: Council of Trent. Catholic Church's response to Protestant Reformation, clarifying doctrine.
Flashcard 6: Which economic innovation facilitated trade and exploration during the Renaissance?
Answer: Joint-stock companies. Allowed investors to pool resources for expensive trading ventures.
Flashcard 7: Which artist is known for his work 'School of Athens'?
Answer: Raphael. High Renaissance painter known for harmonious compositions and idealized figures.
Flashcard 8: Name the Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire.
Answer: Hernån Cortés. Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico.
Flashcard 9: Which Renaissance figure is known for his heliocentric model of the universe?
Answer: Nicolaus Copernicus. Astronomer who proposed that Earth orbits the sun, not vice versa.
Flashcard 10: Which period of European history is known for the rediscovery of classical antiquity?
Answer: The Renaissance. Cultural movement reviving Greek and Roman art, literature, and philosophy.
Flashcard 11: Which explorer is credited with discovering the Pacific Ocean?
Answer: Vasco NĂșñez de Balboa. Spanish explorer who crossed Panama and sighted the Pacific in 1513.
Flashcard 12: What architectural style is characterized by symmetry and use of columns during the Renaissance?
Answer: Classical architecture. Renaissance revival of Greek and Roman architectural principles and forms.
Flashcard 13: Which invention made long-distance sea travel more feasible during the Age of Discovery?
Answer: The caravel. Small, maneuverable Portuguese ship ideal for ocean exploration.
Flashcard 14: Identify the city-state known as the birthplace of the Renaissance.
Answer: Florence. Wealthy banking families like the Medici fostered artistic and intellectual revival.
Flashcard 15: What invention by Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized information dissemination?
Answer: The printing press. Allowed mass production of books, spreading Renaissance ideas rapidly.
Flashcard 16: Which family was a prominent patron of the arts in Renaissance Florence?
Answer: The Medici family. Wealthy banking dynasty that funded artists like Michelangelo and Botticelli.
Flashcard 17: What was the primary goal of the Age of Discovery?
Answer: To find new trade routes. Europeans sought direct routes to Asia to bypass Ottoman middlemen.
Flashcard 18: Name the explorer who first reached India by sea, sailing around Africa.
Answer: Vasco da Gama. Portuguese explorer who opened the sea route to Asia in 1498.
Flashcard 19: Which treaty divided the New World between Spain and Portugal in 1494?
Answer: Treaty of Tordesillas. Papal treaty that divided newly discovered lands between two powers.
Flashcard 20: What was the predominant intellectual movement during the Renaissance?
Answer: Humanism. Emphasized human potential and classical learning over medieval scholasticism.
Flashcard 21: Who painted the 'Mona Lisa' and 'The Last Supper'?
Answer: Leonardo da Vinci. Master artist who epitomized Renaissance genius in art and science.
Flashcard 22: Which Renaissance artist sculpted 'David' and painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling?
Answer: Michelangelo. Renaissance master sculptor and painter of religious masterpieces.
Flashcard 23: What was Christopher Columbus's intended destination on his 1492 voyage?
Answer: Asia. Columbus sought a western route to reach Asian spice markets.
Flashcard 24: What term describes the exchange of goods and ideas between the Americas and Europe?
Answer: Columbian Exchange. Massive transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and cultures between continents.
Flashcard 25: What is the term for the economic theory emphasizing national wealth through colonies?
Answer: Mercantilism. Economic policy promoting exports and accumulating precious metals through colonies.
Flashcard 26: Which navigator first claimed Brazil for Portugal in 1500?
Answer: Pedro Ălvares Cabral. Portuguese explorer who accidentally discovered Brazil en route to India.
Flashcard 27: What innovation allowed for more accurate navigation during the Age of Discovery?
Answer: The astrolabe. Ancient Greek instrument improved for determining latitude at sea.
Flashcard 28: Name the author of 'The Prince', a treatise on political power.
Answer: NiccolĂČ Machiavelli. Political theorist who advocated pragmatic leadership over idealistic rule.
Flashcard 29: Name the Portuguese prince instrumental in promoting exploration during the 15th century.
Answer: Prince Henry the Navigator. Portuguese royal who established navigation schools and sponsored expeditions.
Flashcard 30: Which Italian city was known for its glass production during the Renaissance?
Answer: Venice. Maritime trading republic famous for Murano glass and artistic innovation.