Pediatric Conditions
Help Questions
NCLEX-PN › Pediatric Conditions
A mother calls the clinic because her son is 5 years of age and has been experiencing incontinence of diarrhea for three days. He has a past medical history of constipation. The physician has diagnosed the child with encopresis. The nurse may recommend the family try which of the following?
Giving the child an enema
Limiting sugary food consumption
Encouraging a low-fiber diet
Restricting activity until the diarrhea goes away
Taking calcium carbonate tablets
Explanation
Constipation is a common complaint in children. Encopresis occurs when children are incontinent of fecal matter after toilet training. Often, a child will leak stool surrounding a large fecal mass that has hardened in the rectum. Giving a child an enema may help to clear the mass and restore bowel function. Constipation should be avoided through exercise, high-fiber diet, and adequate liquid ingestion.
A mother calls the clinic because her son is 5 years of age and has been experiencing incontinence of diarrhea for three days. He has a past medical history of constipation. The physician has diagnosed the child with encopresis. The nurse may recommend the family try which of the following?
Giving the child an enema
Limiting sugary food consumption
Encouraging a low-fiber diet
Restricting activity until the diarrhea goes away
Taking calcium carbonate tablets
Explanation
Constipation is a common complaint in children. Encopresis occurs when children are incontinent of fecal matter after toilet training. Often, a child will leak stool surrounding a large fecal mass that has hardened in the rectum. Giving a child an enema may help to clear the mass and restore bowel function. Constipation should be avoided through exercise, high-fiber diet, and adequate liquid ingestion.
A mother one hour post birth expresses concern because her baby's head looks slightly cone shaped. The nurse tells the mother that __________.
this is normal and usually temporary
this is normal but is not temporary
this is abnormal and she should consult a neurologist
this is abnormal and she should contact her pediatrician
this is abnormal but does not require immediate medical intervention
Explanation
It is normal for a child's head to be slightly misshapen immediately following birth. The infant's skull is composed of bony plates connected by membranes (fontanelles), allowing for accommodation of the baby's growing brain. Caput succedaneum (swelling of the scalp) can also be found following a long delivery. A misshapen head usually resolves on its own and is normal but does not require any medical intervention.
A mother one hour post birth expresses concern because her baby's head looks slightly cone shaped. The nurse tells the mother that __________.
this is normal and usually temporary
this is normal but is not temporary
this is abnormal and she should consult a neurologist
this is abnormal and she should contact her pediatrician
this is abnormal but does not require immediate medical intervention
Explanation
It is normal for a child's head to be slightly misshapen immediately following birth. The infant's skull is composed of bony plates connected by membranes (fontanelles), allowing for accommodation of the baby's growing brain. Caput succedaneum (swelling of the scalp) can also be found following a long delivery. A misshapen head usually resolves on its own and is normal but does not require any medical intervention.
A baby is born with a heart rate of 99 beats per minute, irregular breathing, good flexion, frowns when you suction the nose, and with pink color throughout the body and limbs. What is the baby's APGAR score at one minute?
Explanation
An APGAR (Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration) score is a quick assessment designed to indicate the condition of the baby after birth. Referring to the APGAR scoring method, point allocations are as follows:
Heart rate of less than 100: 1
Good flexion: 2
Frown (reflex): 1
Irregular respirations: 1
Pink skin color: 2
We add these to get the final APGAR score of 7.
A baby is born with a heart rate of 99 beats per minute, irregular breathing, good flexion, frowns when you suction the nose, and with pink color throughout the body and limbs. What is the baby's APGAR score at one minute?
Explanation
An APGAR (Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration) score is a quick assessment designed to indicate the condition of the baby after birth. Referring to the APGAR scoring method, point allocations are as follows:
Heart rate of less than 100: 1
Good flexion: 2
Frown (reflex): 1
Irregular respirations: 1
Pink skin color: 2
We add these to get the final APGAR score of 7.
A baby is born with a heart rate of 60 beats per minute. The baby is not breathing, has limp limbs, is flaccid and pale. What is the baby's APGAR score at 1 minute?
Explanation
An APGAR (Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration) score is a quick assessment designed to indicate the condition of the baby after birth. Referring to the APGAR scoring method, point allocations are as follows
Heart rate less than 100: 1
Poor flexion: 0
Absent reflex: 0
Apnea: 0
Pallor: 0
We add these individual scores to get the APGAR score of 1.
A baby is born with a heart rate of 60 beats per minute. The baby is not breathing, has limp limbs, is flaccid and pale. What is the baby's APGAR score at 1 minute?
Explanation
An APGAR (Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration) score is a quick assessment designed to indicate the condition of the baby after birth. Referring to the APGAR scoring method, point allocations are as follows
Heart rate less than 100: 1
Poor flexion: 0
Absent reflex: 0
Apnea: 0
Pallor: 0
We add these individual scores to get the APGAR score of 1.
Kerry is a first-time mother caring for her new baby boy. She notices that as she touches his cheek, he turns towards that side and opens his mouth. The nurse tells Kerry that this is a reflex called __________.
the rooting reflex
the Moro reflex
the Babinski reflex
plantar grasp
palmar grasp
Explanation
The question describes the rooting reflex. The Moro reflex is shown when an infant is startled and/or feels loss of support as if he/she is falling. He/she will extend the arms above the body in a curved shape. The Babinski reflex occurs in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. Typically, the large toe will extend or remain extended as the others move. Infants may also exhibit plantar grasp with application of pressure to the foot. In plantar grasp, the toes will flex inward. Infants displaying palmar grasp will close their fingers around an object placed in their hand.
Kerry is a first-time mother caring for her new baby boy. She notices that as she touches his cheek, he turns towards that side and opens his mouth. The nurse tells Kerry that this is a reflex called __________.
the rooting reflex
the Moro reflex
the Babinski reflex
plantar grasp
palmar grasp
Explanation
The question describes the rooting reflex. The Moro reflex is shown when an infant is startled and/or feels loss of support as if he/she is falling. He/she will extend the arms above the body in a curved shape. The Babinski reflex occurs in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. Typically, the large toe will extend or remain extended as the others move. Infants may also exhibit plantar grasp with application of pressure to the foot. In plantar grasp, the toes will flex inward. Infants displaying palmar grasp will close their fingers around an object placed in their hand.