A single battery can act as both a galvanic and an electrolytic cell. When a battery is discharging it is considered to be a galvanic cell because it is undergoing a spontaneous redox reaction and is losing voltage. On the other hand, when a battery is charging, it is acquiring voltage (from the phone charger that is connected to an outlet) and is considered an electrolytic cell.

Recall that electrolytic cells facilitate nonspontaneous reactions and require energy to carry out these unfavorable reactions. Charging a battery is a nonspontaneous process (because the reaction involved is the reverse of the reaction that occurs when the battery is discharging) and requires energy in the form of voltage input.

Since the reaction is taking place under standard conditions, we can determine the free energy of the reaction by using the equation.

n is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the balanced reaction, F is Faraday's constant, and Eo is the cell potential for the reaction.

A single battery can act as both a galvanic and an electrolytic cell. When a battery is discharging it is considered to be a galvanic cell because it is undergoing a spontaneous redox reaction and is losing voltage. On the other hand, when a battery is charging, it is acquiring voltage (from the phone charger that is connected to an outlet) and is considered an electrolytic cell.

Recall that electrolytic cells facilitate nonspontaneous reactions and require energy to carry out these unfavorable reactions. Charging a battery is a nonspontaneous process (because the reaction involved is the reverse of the reaction that occurs when the battery is discharging) and requires energy in the form of voltage input.

Since the reaction is taking place under standard conditions, we can determine the free energy of the reaction by using the equation.

n is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the balanced reaction, F is Faraday's constant, and Eo is the cell potential for the reaction.

Electrolysis is a specific type of reaction that occurs in an electrolytic cell. An electrochemical cell contains an anode and a cathode that facilitate a redox reaction. In an electrolytic cell (a type of electrochemical cell) the redox reaction that is carried out is a nonspontaneous reaction. Recall that the change in Gibbs free energy for a nonspontaneous, or unfavorable, reaction is always positive; therefore, for electrolysis in an electrolytic cell, the redox reaction has a . Statement I is false.

Nonspontaneous reactions are reactions that are unfavorable. This means that energy is required to carry out the reaction. In an electrolytic cell, energy is provided in the form of voltage input. The voltage provided pushes the reaction in the unfavorable direction; therefore, electrolysis reactions require a voltage source. Statement II is true.

Since it requires energy, an electrolysis reaction is considered to be an endothermic process. Recall that endothermic processes are reactions that take in (or require) energy, whereas exothermic processes are reactions that release energy; therefore, electrolysis is an endothermic process. Statement III is false.

Electrolysis is a specific type of reaction that occurs in an electrolytic cell. An electrochemical cell contains an anode and a cathode that facilitate a redox reaction. In an electrolytic cell (a type of electrochemical cell) the redox reaction that is carried out is a nonspontaneous reaction. Recall that the change in Gibbs free energy for a nonspontaneous, or unfavorable, reaction is always positive; therefore, for electrolysis in an electrolytic cell, the redox reaction has a . Statement I is false.

Nonspontaneous reactions are reactions that are unfavorable. This means that energy is required to carry out the reaction. In an electrolytic cell, energy is provided in the form of voltage input. The voltage provided pushes the reaction in the unfavorable direction; therefore, electrolysis reactions require a voltage source. Statement II is true.

Since it requires energy, an electrolysis reaction is considered to be an endothermic process. Recall that endothermic processes are reactions that take in (or require) energy, whereas exothermic processes are reactions that release energy; therefore, electrolysis is an endothermic process. Statement III is false.

The question states that the reaction has a negative ; therefore, the reaction is nonspontaneous. Nonspontaneous reactions are carried out in electrolytic cells (as opposed to galvanic cells). A reaction usually proceeds in the spontaneous direction; therefore, to carry out nonspontaneous reactions you must put energy into the system. Without energy, the reaction shown will occur in the reverse direction.

In an electrolytic cell, energy is provided by an external voltage source. Without energy, the electrolytic cell will have a voltage of and the spontaneous (reverse) reaction will occur. For the nonspontaneous reaction to occur, you must attach a voltage source in such a way that the voltage applied is greater than and is applied in the opposite direction (nonspontaneous reaction direction). This will force the reaction in the reverse direction and the nonspontaneous reaction will occur; therefore, the external voltage source must provide a voltage greater than .

The question states that the reaction has a negative ; therefore, the reaction is nonspontaneous. Nonspontaneous reactions are carried out in electrolytic cells (as opposed to galvanic cells). A reaction usually proceeds in the spontaneous direction; therefore, to carry out nonspontaneous reactions you must put energy into the system. Without energy, the reaction shown will occur in the reverse direction.

In an electrolytic cell, energy is provided by an external voltage source. Without energy, the electrolytic cell will have a voltage of and the spontaneous (reverse) reaction will occur. For the nonspontaneous reaction to occur, you must attach a voltage source in such a way that the voltage applied is greater than and is applied in the opposite direction (nonspontaneous reaction direction). This will force the reaction in the reverse direction and the nonspontaneous reaction will occur; therefore, the external voltage source must provide a voltage greater than .

Electron flow, especially the electrical energy associated with electron flow, is an important characteristic of an electrochemical cell. In a galvanic cell, electrical energy is harnessed from a spontaneous chemical reaction and is used to drive other unfavorable processes. In an electrolytic cell, electrical energy is supplied by an outside voltage source that is used to drive a nonspontaneous chemical reaction.

Recall that cathodes are the site of reduction and anodes are the site of oxidation. Electrons are used up (reactants) in a reduction reaction and electrons are produced (products) in an oxidation reaction; therefore, anodes produce and have an excess of free electron,s whereas cathodes use and have a deficiency of free electrons. Since there are fewer electrons in the cathode, the electrons in an electrochemical cell will flow from the anode to the cathode.

Electron flow, especially the electrical energy associated with electron flow, is an important characteristic of an electrochemical cell. In a galvanic cell, electrical energy is harnessed from a spontaneous chemical reaction and is used to drive other unfavorable processes. In an electrolytic cell, electrical energy is supplied by an outside voltage source that is used to drive a nonspontaneous chemical reaction.

Recall that cathodes are the site of reduction and anodes are the site of oxidation. Electrons are used up (reactants) in a reduction reaction and electrons are produced (products) in an oxidation reaction; therefore, anodes produce and have an excess of free electron,s whereas cathodes use and have a deficiency of free electrons. Since there are fewer electrons in the cathode, the electrons in an electrochemical cell will flow from the anode to the cathode.