Solids and Liquids

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AP Chemistry › Solids and Liquids

Questions 1 - 10
1

Which of the following is a property of crystalline solids?

Atoms are locked together in a repetitive pattern

Atoms move about randomly

Atoms move about to fill their container

None of these

Explanation

A crystalline solid is made up of a repeating pattern of atoms called a crystal lattice. Atoms moving about randomly, and taking the shape of their container are descriptions of fluids (liquids and gasses).

2

Which of the following properties will decrease as a solute is dissolved in a liquid?

Freezing point

Temperature

Boiling point

Osmotic pressure

Explanation

Dissolving a solute in a solvent increases the number of dissolved particles per mass of solvent. Freezing point depression is a colligative property of solutions, and will decrease as the molality of the solution increases. Boiling point and osmotic pressure increase as the molality of the solution increases. Temperature is unaffected by the dissolution of solutes in a solvent.

3

Which of the following properties will decrease as a solute is dissolved in a liquid?

Freezing point

Temperature

Boiling point

Osmotic pressure

Explanation

Dissolving a solute in a solvent increases the number of dissolved particles per mass of solvent. Freezing point depression is a colligative property of solutions, and will decrease as the molality of the solution increases. Boiling point and osmotic pressure increase as the molality of the solution increases. Temperature is unaffected by the dissolution of solutes in a solvent.

4

Which of the following statements concerning the properties of solids are true?

All of these

Solids are incompressible

Solids can either be crystalline or amorphous

Solids have definite shapes and volumes

Solids generally have very strong intermolecular forces

Explanation

Solids have well defined shapes because their atoms are held tightly together, only allowing localized movement. Because a solid's atoms are so close together, solids are incompressible. There so little space between atoms that they can't get any closer together. The reason a solid's atoms are so close together is they experience strong intermolecular forces, resulting in high stability. Solids can either be crystalline or amorphous in structure. Crystalline structure is regimented and grid-like, while amorphous has no regular, repeating pattern of atoms.

5

If a liquid has a high resistance to flow, it has a high __________.

viscosity

solubility

boiling point

freezing point

None of the answer choices are correct

Explanation

By definition, viscosity is the measure of a liquid's resistance to flow. If a liquid has a high resistance to flow, it has a high viscosity. It may not necessarily have a high boiling point or melting point, nor be easily soluble in other liquids.

6

Which of the following statements concerning the properties of solids are true?

All of these

Solids are incompressible

Solids can either be crystalline or amorphous

Solids have definite shapes and volumes

Solids generally have very strong intermolecular forces

Explanation

Solids have well defined shapes because their atoms are held tightly together, only allowing localized movement. Because a solid's atoms are so close together, solids are incompressible. There so little space between atoms that they can't get any closer together. The reason a solid's atoms are so close together is they experience strong intermolecular forces, resulting in high stability. Solids can either be crystalline or amorphous in structure. Crystalline structure is regimented and grid-like, while amorphous has no regular, repeating pattern of atoms.

7

If a liquid has a high resistance to flow, it has a high __________.

viscosity

solubility

boiling point

freezing point

None of the answer choices are correct

Explanation

By definition, viscosity is the measure of a liquid's resistance to flow. If a liquid has a high resistance to flow, it has a high viscosity. It may not necessarily have a high boiling point or melting point, nor be easily soluble in other liquids.

8

Which of the following is a property of crystalline solids?

Atoms are locked together in a repetitive pattern

Atoms move about randomly

Atoms move about to fill their container

None of these

Explanation

A crystalline solid is made up of a repeating pattern of atoms called a crystal lattice. Atoms moving about randomly, and taking the shape of their container are descriptions of fluids (liquids and gasses).

9

Which of the following is a property of a solid?

Molecules are held together in fixed positions

Samples of solids have indefinite shapes and volumes

Molecules can freely move past one another

Molecules are not touching one another

Samples of solids have indefinite shapes but definite volumes

Explanation

Solids are defined as having definite shapes and volumes. The atoms in a solid touch one another and are fixed in rigid positions. Unlike liquids or gases, molecules inside a solid are not able to freely move past one another. Solids will retain their shape even when put in open atmospheres.

10

Which of the following is a property of a solid?

Molecules are held together in fixed positions

Samples of solids have indefinite shapes and volumes

Molecules can freely move past one another

Molecules are not touching one another

Samples of solids have indefinite shapes but definite volumes

Explanation

Solids are defined as having definite shapes and volumes. The atoms in a solid touch one another and are fixed in rigid positions. Unlike liquids or gases, molecules inside a solid are not able to freely move past one another. Solids will retain their shape even when put in open atmospheres.

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