Epithelium and Endothelium

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Biology › Epithelium and Endothelium

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1

Which of the following types of tissue is responsible for the storage of energy and insultation in the form of fat?

Adipose tissue

Epithelial tissue

Nervous tissue

Striated tissue

Smooth tissue

Explanation

Adipose tissue is the anatomical term assigned to fatty tissue. Keep in mind that adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue. Adipose tissue serves as an energy store, helps maintenain of core body temperature, and protects internal organs from damage caused by trauma. Epithelial tissue is responsible for covering body cavities, and comprising glandular tissue. Nervous tissue is responsible for receiving sensory input from the environment, integration of the sensory input, control of muscles and glands, maintenance of body homeostasis, and emotions/personality. Smooth and striated are subsets of muscle tissue: skeletal and cardiac muscle are striated, whereas smooth muscle is not.

2

Which of the following types of tissue is responsible for the storage of energy and insultation in the form of fat?

Adipose tissue

Epithelial tissue

Nervous tissue

Striated tissue

Smooth tissue

Explanation

Adipose tissue is the anatomical term assigned to fatty tissue. Keep in mind that adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue. Adipose tissue serves as an energy store, helps maintenain of core body temperature, and protects internal organs from damage caused by trauma. Epithelial tissue is responsible for covering body cavities, and comprising glandular tissue. Nervous tissue is responsible for receiving sensory input from the environment, integration of the sensory input, control of muscles and glands, maintenance of body homeostasis, and emotions/personality. Smooth and striated are subsets of muscle tissue: skeletal and cardiac muscle are striated, whereas smooth muscle is not.

3

Which statement is true of epithelial tissue?

It lacks blood vessels

It consists of mostly extracellular material

Fat cells are an example of epithelial tissue

The cells rarely divide

None of these

Explanation

Epithelial tissue is avascular (does not have a blood supply); thus epithelial tissue is always found in close association with connective tissue that has a rich blood supply. Epithelial cells cover organs and are thus subject to lots of friction. As a result they are continually being renewed, and divide quickly. In particular, skin cells and the epithelium lining the digestive tract have a high rate of division.

4

These cells are metabolically active and produce a number of compounds that affect the the vascular lumen and platelets. They line the blood and lymph vessels.

What cell type is being described?

Endothelium

Adipose

Cone

Stem

Dendritic

Explanation

The endothelium is a form of squamous epithelium consisting of flat cells that line the blood and lymphatic vessels. Endothelial cells are metabolically active and produce compounds that relax vascular smooth muscle and inhibit the adhesion of platelets.

Adipose, or fat cells, are modified for long-term energy storage and are considered connective tissue. Cone cells are found in the eye and serve as light receptors for the nervous system. Stem cells can develop into more specifically differentiated daughter cells. Dendritic cells help T-cells respond to foreign antigens as part of the immune system.

5

These cells are metabolically active and produce a number of compounds that affect the the vascular lumen and platelets. They line the blood and lymph vessels.

What cell type is being described?

Endothelium

Adipose

Cone

Stem

Dendritic

Explanation

The endothelium is a form of squamous epithelium consisting of flat cells that line the blood and lymphatic vessels. Endothelial cells are metabolically active and produce compounds that relax vascular smooth muscle and inhibit the adhesion of platelets.

Adipose, or fat cells, are modified for long-term energy storage and are considered connective tissue. Cone cells are found in the eye and serve as light receptors for the nervous system. Stem cells can develop into more specifically differentiated daughter cells. Dendritic cells help T-cells respond to foreign antigens as part of the immune system.

6

Which statement is true of epithelial tissue?

It lacks blood vessels

It consists of mostly extracellular material

Fat cells are an example of epithelial tissue

The cells rarely divide

None of these

Explanation

Epithelial tissue is avascular (does not have a blood supply); thus epithelial tissue is always found in close association with connective tissue that has a rich blood supply. Epithelial cells cover organs and are thus subject to lots of friction. As a result they are continually being renewed, and divide quickly. In particular, skin cells and the epithelium lining the digestive tract have a high rate of division.

7

Which of the following would be found in capillaries?

Simple epithelium

Pseudostratified epithelium

Stratified epithelium

Transitional epithelium

All of these

Explanation

Since capillaries are the site of diffusion of substances (oxygen and carbon dioxide, for example), they need to have extremely thin walls. Their walls are made of simple (single-layered) epithelium. The other options would be too thick to facilitate diffusion of substances.

8

Which of the following would be found in capillaries?

Simple epithelium

Pseudostratified epithelium

Stratified epithelium

Transitional epithelium

All of these

Explanation

Since capillaries are the site of diffusion of substances (oxygen and carbon dioxide, for example), they need to have extremely thin walls. Their walls are made of simple (single-layered) epithelium. The other options would be too thick to facilitate diffusion of substances.

9

Where would one expect to find simple columnar epithelium with microvilli?

Small intestine

Bones of the skull

Skin

Thyroid gland

Esophagus

Explanation

Since we are looking for a single layer of cells, we must rule out any area of the body that is subject to lots of friction. The skin is continually being rubbed and pushed by everything we touch, and the esophagus sustains abrasions from all the food we eat.

Microvilli are tiny projections on the apical surface of cells that increase the cell surface area. Since most of the absorption of food and nutrients occurs in the small intestine, it makes sense that we would want to increase the surface area of that region. Furthermore, since we are absorbing, we would want a single layer of cells to facilitate the diffusion of substances across the layer of epithelium. Thus, the correct answer is that simple columnar epithelium with microvilli will be found in the small intestine.

10

Where would one expect to find simple columnar epithelium with microvilli?

Small intestine

Bones of the skull

Skin

Thyroid gland

Esophagus

Explanation

Since we are looking for a single layer of cells, we must rule out any area of the body that is subject to lots of friction. The skin is continually being rubbed and pushed by everything we touch, and the esophagus sustains abrasions from all the food we eat.

Microvilli are tiny projections on the apical surface of cells that increase the cell surface area. Since most of the absorption of food and nutrients occurs in the small intestine, it makes sense that we would want to increase the surface area of that region. Furthermore, since we are absorbing, we would want a single layer of cells to facilitate the diffusion of substances across the layer of epithelium. Thus, the correct answer is that simple columnar epithelium with microvilli will be found in the small intestine.

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