The nervous system is used to conduct electrical signals throughout the body. These signals stimulate various functions, frequently causing muscles to contract or carrying sensory signals to the brain. The brain and spinal cord are key components for organizing and interpreting these signals.

Neurons are the cells responsible for conducting electrical impulses. The impulses themselves are known as action potentials.

Glial cells provide support for the nervous system. Different types of glial cells perform different functions, such as myelination of axons, immune activity, and the production of cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebellum is a region of the brain responsible for balance and coordination. Since the cerebellum is a part of the nervous system, its structure is primarily composed of neurons. Mitochondria are organelles found in most eukaryotic cells. They generate ATP, which provides energy to the cell. Their function is not inherently linked to the nervous system.

The nervous system is used to conduct electrical signals throughout the body. These signals stimulate various functions, frequently causing muscles to contract or carrying sensory signals to the brain. The brain and spinal cord are key components for organizing and interpreting these signals.

Neurons are the cells responsible for conducting electrical impulses. The impulses themselves are known as action potentials.

Glial cells provide support for the nervous system. Different types of glial cells perform different functions, such as myelination of axons, immune activity, and the production of cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebellum is a region of the brain responsible for balance and coordination. Since the cerebellum is a part of the nervous system, its structure is primarily composed of neurons. Mitochondria are organelles found in most eukaryotic cells. They generate ATP, which provides energy to the cell. Their function is not inherently linked to the nervous system.

The soma is the cell body of the neuron (D). The soma is the site of neuron metabolism and protein synthesis.

The dendrites of the neuron (A) receive incoming action potential signals. The axon (B) sends the action potential outward from the soma to the axon terminal (C). Vesicles of neurotransmitter are released from the axon terminal to the dendrites of other nearby neurons. Neurons can have numerous dendrites, but will only have one soma and one axon.

The soma is the cell body of the neuron (D). The soma is the site of neuron metabolism and protein synthesis.

The dendrites of the neuron (A) receive incoming action potential signals. The axon (B) sends the action potential outward from the soma to the axon terminal (C). Vesicles of neurotransmitter are released from the axon terminal to the dendrites of other nearby neurons. Neurons can have numerous dendrites, but will only have one soma and one axon.

The vast majority of neurons are myelinated (by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system) in order to allow for saltatory conduction, which greatly increases conduction speed. This occurs as the action potential "leaps" from one node of Ranvier to the next node of Ranvier rather than having to pass down the entire length of the axon.

Action potentials are electrical signals transmitted by neurons. When a neuron is stimulated, a signal is transmitted down the axon. This signal is the action potential.

An action potential in a neuron can help to stimulate a muscle to contract, but the muscle itself will not conduct an action potential.

Action potentials are electrical signals transmitted by neurons. When a neuron is stimulated, a signal is transmitted down the axon. This signal is the action potential.

An action potential in a neuron can help to stimulate a muscle to contract, but the muscle itself will not conduct an action potential.

The vast majority of neurons are myelinated (by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system) in order to allow for saltatory conduction, which greatly increases conduction speed. This occurs as the action potential "leaps" from one node of Ranvier to the next node of Ranvier rather than having to pass down the entire length of the axon.

GABA is only found in the brain and has an inhibitory function. Although glycine is also inhibitory and found in the central nervous system, it's mainly concentrated in the spinal cord and brainstem. Glutamate and acetylcholine are also found in the central nervous system, but are excitatory. Norepinephrine is excitatory and associated with the adrenal glands, not the central nervous system.

The axon is the long extension of the nerve cell body that transmits nerve impulses to other cells. Neurotransmitters are stored at the end of the axon and released into the synapse to communicate with other neurons and cells.

Dendrites are generally not as long as axons, and are responsible for receiving the nerve impulses rather than transmitting them. Flagella are not related to nerve cells, as nerve cells do not need to travel from one place to another and have no use for motility. Action potentials are the electrical signals that travel down the axons from the cell body to the axon terminal. The synapse is the space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another.