Lifespan Development

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AP Psychology › Lifespan Development

Questions 1 - 10
1

According to Erikson, which of the following is the central crisis of emerging adulthood?

Intimacy vs. isolation

Identity vs. role confusion

Trust vs. mistrust

Industry vs. inferiority

Explanation

Intimacy vs. isolation occurs between adolescence and middle age during emerging adulthood. During this stage, individuals are tasks with developing intimate relationship with others and commitment to another person. Identity vs. role confusion is the crisis that happens during adolescence. Trust vs. mistrust is the first crisis that occurs during the first year of life. Industry vs. inferiority occurs in childhood from ages 6-12.

2

A child says to her mother, "I goed to the store today." Using "goed" instead of "went" is known as which of the following?

Error of growth

Babbling

Phonology

Pragmatics

Explanation

Errors of growth, also known as overregulation, occur when a child learning a language incorrectly applies a general rule to all words. In English, adding the suffix "ed" to a verb, generally puts it into past tense; however, there are exceptions (such as with the verb to go). Babbling also occurs in language development, but it is spontaneous nonsense syllables that are a precursor to language. Phonology has to do with the basic building blocks of words such as letters. Pragmatics is the most complex component of language that has to do with the efficient use of language such as tone.

3

A parent is warm and loving to their child. They are very affectionate, and rarely punish their offspring. In fact, they almost never set limits or boundaries, and never dole out punishments. This parent is exhibiting which of Baumrind's parenting styles?

Permissive-Indulgent

Permissive-Uninvolved

Authoritative

Authoritarian

None of these answers

Explanation

This can be worked out logically, even without knowledge of Baumrind's four parenting styles. The parent is permissive but not uninvolved. The parent does not display much authority. However, the parent is clearly permissive and indulgent.

4

According to Erik Erikson, at what stage of development does a child need to experience discipline in order to learn a responsible way of living?

Early childhood (age 2 to 6 years)

Infancy (0 to 1 year)

Toddler (age 1 to 2 years)

Grade school years (age 6 to 12 years)

Adolescence (age 12 to 18 years)

Explanation

During early childhood (age 2 to 6 years) the child begins to engage in social interaction. He or she wants to be the center of attention. By encouraging the child to respect boundaries and providing discipline to control impulsive behavior, the child will learn a responsible way of living.

5

Which of the following best identifies the Russian-American psychologist who proposed the Ecological Systems Theory and was the founder of the Head Start Program for low SES preschoolers?

Urie Bronfenbrenner

Martin Seligman

Erich Fromm

Erik Erikson

Explanation

The only Russian-American in this grouping is Urie Bronfenbrenner. Moreover, it was Bronfenbrenner who devised and explicated the Ecological Systems Theory of development, which describes increasingly broad swaths of social and cultural influences from parents and the local neighborhood on up through mass media and cultural values. Bronfenbrenner highlighted the need for community, social, and cultural involvement in the healthy development of children.

6

Which of the following types of intelligence derived from Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory is concerned with the ability to solve problems?

Logical-mathematical

Linguistic

Interpersonal

Spatial

Explanation

Gardner's "logical-mathematical" intelligence, the correct response, refers to the ability to analyze problems, solve mathematical equations, detect patterns, and think logically. Multiple theories of intelligence have been developed within the field of Intelligence Development. Howard Gardner is one of these theorists. He provides a seven-faceted model of intelligence that includes the types listed in the response choices. "Linguistic" is incorrect as it refers to the individual’s command of language. "Spatial" is incorrect because it refers to the individual’s ability to manipulate and work with physical objects. "Interpersonal" is also incorrect because it captures one’s ability to successfully navigate social interactions and relationships.

7

Which of the following best identifies the Russian-American psychologist who proposed the Ecological Systems Theory and was the founder of the Head Start Program for low SES preschoolers?

Urie Bronfenbrenner

Martin Seligman

Erich Fromm

Erik Erikson

Explanation

The only Russian-American in this grouping is Urie Bronfenbrenner. Moreover, it was Bronfenbrenner who devised and explicated the Ecological Systems Theory of development, which describes increasingly broad swaths of social and cultural influences from parents and the local neighborhood on up through mass media and cultural values. Bronfenbrenner highlighted the need for community, social, and cultural involvement in the healthy development of children.

8

Which of the following types of intelligence derived from Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory is concerned with the ability to solve problems?

Logical-mathematical

Linguistic

Interpersonal

Spatial

Explanation

Gardner's "logical-mathematical" intelligence, the correct response, refers to the ability to analyze problems, solve mathematical equations, detect patterns, and think logically. Multiple theories of intelligence have been developed within the field of Intelligence Development. Howard Gardner is one of these theorists. He provides a seven-faceted model of intelligence that includes the types listed in the response choices. "Linguistic" is incorrect as it refers to the individual’s command of language. "Spatial" is incorrect because it refers to the individual’s ability to manipulate and work with physical objects. "Interpersonal" is also incorrect because it captures one’s ability to successfully navigate social interactions and relationships.

9

A child says to her mother, "I goed to the store today." Using "goed" instead of "went" is known as which of the following?

Error of growth

Babbling

Phonology

Pragmatics

Explanation

Errors of growth, also known as overregulation, occur when a child learning a language incorrectly applies a general rule to all words. In English, adding the suffix "ed" to a verb, generally puts it into past tense; however, there are exceptions (such as with the verb to go). Babbling also occurs in language development, but it is spontaneous nonsense syllables that are a precursor to language. Phonology has to do with the basic building blocks of words such as letters. Pragmatics is the most complex component of language that has to do with the efficient use of language such as tone.

10

A parent is warm and loving to their child. They are very affectionate, and rarely punish their offspring. In fact, they almost never set limits or boundaries, and never dole out punishments. This parent is exhibiting which of Baumrind's parenting styles?

Permissive-Indulgent

Permissive-Uninvolved

Authoritative

Authoritarian

None of these answers

Explanation

This can be worked out logically, even without knowledge of Baumrind's four parenting styles. The parent is permissive but not uninvolved. The parent does not display much authority. However, the parent is clearly permissive and indulgent.

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