The only Russian-American in this grouping is Urie Bronfenbrenner. Moreover, it was Bronfenbrenner who devised and explicated the Ecological Systems Theory of development, which describes increasingly broad swaths of social and cultural influences from parents and the local neighborhood on up through mass media and cultural values. Bronfenbrenner highlighted the need for community, social, and cultural involvement in the healthy development of children.

This can be worked out logically, even without knowledge of Baumrind's four parenting styles. The parent is permissive but not uninvolved. The parent does not display much authority. However, the parent is clearly permissive and indulgent.

The door in the face effect refers to a tendency in which people who refuse a large initial request will be more likely to agree to a later smaller request. By dropping the price from $100,000 to $40,000, the customer might believe he/she is getting a good deal even if the car should be priced lower. The non-profit call answer was an example of the foot in the door effect. The other two examples were sales techniques, but not examples of the door in the face effect because there is not a sequence of a large request followed by a smaller one.

Gardner's "logical-mathematical" intelligence, the correct response, refers to the ability to analyze problems, solve mathematical equations, detect patterns, and think logically. Multiple theories of intelligence have been developed within the field of Intelligence Development. Howard Gardner is one of these theorists. He provides a seven-faceted model of intelligence that includes the types listed in the response choices. "Linguistic" is incorrect as it refers to the individual’s command of language. "Spatial" is incorrect because it refers to the individual’s ability to manipulate and work with physical objects. "Interpersonal" is also incorrect because it captures one’s ability to successfully navigate social interactions and relationships.

Errors of growth, also known as overregulation, occur when a child learning a language incorrectly applies a general rule to all words. In English, adding the suffix "ed" to a verb, generally puts it into past tense; however, there are exceptions (such as with the verb to go). Babbling also occurs in language development, but it is spontaneous nonsense syllables that are a precursor to language. Phonology has to do with the basic building blocks of words such as letters. Pragmatics is the most complex component of language that has to do with the efficient use of language such as tone.

Gardner's "logical-mathematical" intelligence, the correct response, refers to the ability to analyze problems, solve mathematical equations, detect patterns, and think logically. Multiple theories of intelligence have been developed within the field of Intelligence Development. Howard Gardner is one of these theorists. He provides a seven-faceted model of intelligence that includes the types listed in the response choices. "Linguistic" is incorrect as it refers to the individual’s command of language. "Spatial" is incorrect because it refers to the individual’s ability to manipulate and work with physical objects. "Interpersonal" is also incorrect because it captures one’s ability to successfully navigate social interactions and relationships.

CBT is a form of therapy that combines Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy and techniques taken from traditional behavioral approaches, like classical and operant conditioning. On the other hand, “rational emotive behavior therapy” (REBT) was developed by Albert Ellis and focuses on changing cognitions and behaviors by focusing on irrational thoughts. “Dialectical behavior therapy” (DBT) is a behavioral approach that was developed by Linehan to treat borderline personality disorder. “Relapse prevention” is an approach to addiction developed by Marlatt that views addiction as an overlearned habit. “Stress inoculation training” is an effective behavioral treatment for PTSD that focuses on cognitions, coping skills, and practice. Of all the treatments listed, “psychoanalysis” is the most unrelated. It focuses on the interactions between the id, ego, and superego, with the goal being to increase insight into the unconscious.

Intimacy vs. isolation occurs between adolescence and middle age during emerging adulthood. During this stage, individuals are tasks with developing intimate relationship with others and commitment to another person. Identity vs. role confusion is the crisis that happens during adolescence. Trust vs. mistrust is the first crisis that occurs during the first year of life. Industry vs. inferiority occurs in childhood from ages 6-12.

During early childhood (age 2 to 6 years) the child begins to engage in social interaction. He or she wants to be the center of attention. By encouraging the child to respect boundaries and providing discipline to control impulsive behavior, the child will learn a responsible way of living.

According to analytical psychologist and personality theorist Carl Jung, men and women contain elements of masculinity and femininity. The feminine personality traits found in men are called the "anima" and the masculine traits found in women are known collectively as the "animus."