Gram stain is a laboratory technique used to distinguish bacteria. Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria are distinguished based on their cell walls. Gram positive bacteria have a single thick cell wall (outside its cell membrane). Upon Gram staining, these bacteria will hold the Gram stain because of their thick cell wall. The Gram negative bacteria also have only one cell wall; however, it is a lot thinner and is sandwiched between two cell membranes. The thin nature of the cell wall makes it easier for the Gram stain to leak out of the bacterial cell.

Gram stain is a laboratory technique used to distinguish bacteria. Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria are distinguished based on their cell walls. Gram positive bacteria have a single thick cell wall (outside its cell membrane). Upon Gram staining, these bacteria will hold the Gram stain because of their thick cell wall. The Gram negative bacteria also have only one cell wall; however, it is a lot thinner and is sandwiched between two cell membranes. The thin nature of the cell wall makes it easier for the Gram stain to leak out of the bacterial cell.

Gram stain is a laboratory technique used to distinguish bacteria. Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria are distinguished based on their cell walls. Gram positive bacteria have a single thick cell wall (outside its cell membrane). Upon Gram staining, these bacteria will hold the Gram stain because of their thick cell wall. The Gram negative bacteria also have only one cell wall; however, it is a lot thinner and is sandwiched between two cell membranes. The thin nature of the cell wall makes it easier for the Gram stain to leak out of the bacterial cell.

Gram stain is a laboratory technique used to distinguish bacteria. Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria are distinguished based on their cell walls. Gram positive bacteria have a single thick cell wall (outside its cell membrane). Upon Gram staining, these bacteria will hold the Gram stain because of their thick cell wall. The Gram negative bacteria also have only one cell wall; however, it is a lot thinner and is sandwiched between two cell membranes. The thin nature of the cell wall makes it easier for the Gram stain to leak out of the bacterial cell.

The carbon fixed in the Calvin cycle comes from the air in the form of . This carbon is reduced through the usage of NADPH and ATP, produced in the light reactions of photosynthesis, in order to make glucose.

The soil provides valuable water and mineral nutrients for the plant. The sun provides the energy necessary to drive photosynthesis. And pure water contains only hydrogen and oxygen. Lithotrophs utilize inorganic carbon, usually from rocks.

Proteins serve all of these functions and many more. Most enzymes are proteins, which help to catalyze spontaneous reactions. Ribozymes can also serve this function but are instead made out of RNA. Proteins can act as transcriptional regulators which can turn on or off gene transcription. Structural proteins, such as actin, can help to maintain the shape of a cell. Other small proteins, such as insulin, can act as hormones which can diffuse throughout the body relaying important messages.

Once the cell has split and transported its sister chromatids to opposite ends of the cell, the nuclear envelopes can begin to regenerate around the genetic material at each pole. This event occurs during the end of mitosis, commonly known as telophase.

The LDL-receptor enters the cell via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, not COPII. COPII is involved in budding off of the endoplasmic reticulum.

All of the other given answer options are true.

Fatty acids synthesized in the human body always have an even number of carbon atoms usually between 12 and 28. Odd-numbered fatty acid chains will occasionally be found in plants and marine animals.

Plants that undergo C4 respiration must also utilize the enzyme PEP carboxylase. This enzyme allows for carbon dioxide to be fixed to PEP to produce oxaloacetate. C4 respiration allows for lower levels of photorespiration, which can cause a decrease in photosynthetic efficiency.

Rubisco is the enzyme that adds carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphates from a variety of substrates under alkaline conditions. Kinases are enzyme which add phosphate groups to specific targets, such as fructose-1-phosphate.