History and Principles of Psychology
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AP Psychology › History and Principles of Psychology
Which of the following psychologists proposed the theory of the language acquisition device?
Noam Chomsky
Lev Vygotsky
Elissa Newport
B. F. Skinner
Explanation
The language acquisition device is the innate “tool” in the brain that allows children to learn language and grammar easily. Noam Chomsky proposed that language learning cannot be totally dependent on observation and reward—since young children learning to speak make errors and generate novel expressions that they have never heard anyone else say (e.g. a parent is unlikely to have said “I wants cookie yesterday” or “do you think dinosaurs liked candy?” in front of the child).
Which psychologist studied the instinctive behavior in greylag geese and jackdaws, investigated the principle of imprinting, and became widely known for his descriptions of imprinting as an instinctive emotional bond?
Kondrad Lorenz
Lev Vygotsky
Charles Darwin
Alfred Kinsey
Phineas Gage
Explanation
Konrad Lorenz was an Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern ethology. Lorenz won the Nobel Prize in 1973 for Physiology or Medicine (alongside Nikolass Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch) and is the author of numerous books.
Which of the following psychologists proposed the theory of the language acquisition device?
Noam Chomsky
Lev Vygotsky
Elissa Newport
B. F. Skinner
Explanation
The language acquisition device is the innate “tool” in the brain that allows children to learn language and grammar easily. Noam Chomsky proposed that language learning cannot be totally dependent on observation and reward—since young children learning to speak make errors and generate novel expressions that they have never heard anyone else say (e.g. a parent is unlikely to have said “I wants cookie yesterday” or “do you think dinosaurs liked candy?” in front of the child).
Which psychologist studied the instinctive behavior in greylag geese and jackdaws, investigated the principle of imprinting, and became widely known for his descriptions of imprinting as an instinctive emotional bond?
Kondrad Lorenz
Lev Vygotsky
Charles Darwin
Alfred Kinsey
Phineas Gage
Explanation
Konrad Lorenz was an Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern ethology. Lorenz won the Nobel Prize in 1973 for Physiology or Medicine (alongside Nikolass Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch) and is the author of numerous books.
Which researcher developed the term "collective unconscious?"
Carl Jung
Sigmund Freud
William James
Erik Erikson
Fredrich Fromm
Explanation
Carl Jung coined the term "collective unconscious," which is defined a shared, inherited memory that all humans possess due to our shared ancestry. The collective unconscious is used to explain the commonalities observed between different cultures throughout the world.
Which researcher developed the term "collective unconscious?"
Carl Jung
Sigmund Freud
William James
Erik Erikson
Fredrich Fromm
Explanation
Carl Jung coined the term "collective unconscious," which is defined a shared, inherited memory that all humans possess due to our shared ancestry. The collective unconscious is used to explain the commonalities observed between different cultures throughout the world.
Which of the following was the developmental psychologist who created the theory of attachment using the "Strange Situation" design?
Mary Ainsworth
Jean Piaget
Harry Harlow
John Bowlby
None of these
Explanation
Mary Ainsworth is most well known for her development of the Strange Situation design which was designed to study emotional attachment in early stages of childhood, resulting in the attachment theory. The other choices are incorrect. Jean Piaget was a developmental psychologist who created the theory of cognitive development; he is considered to be the most influential developmental psychologist. Harry Harlow is best known for studying maternal separation, dependency, and social isolation using rhesus monkeys. Last, John Bowlby developed the attachment theory of maternal deprivation.
Which of the following was the developmental psychologist who created the theory of attachment using the "Strange Situation" design?
Mary Ainsworth
Jean Piaget
Harry Harlow
John Bowlby
None of these
Explanation
Mary Ainsworth is most well known for her development of the Strange Situation design which was designed to study emotional attachment in early stages of childhood, resulting in the attachment theory. The other choices are incorrect. Jean Piaget was a developmental psychologist who created the theory of cognitive development; he is considered to be the most influential developmental psychologist. Harry Harlow is best known for studying maternal separation, dependency, and social isolation using rhesus monkeys. Last, John Bowlby developed the attachment theory of maternal deprivation.
George is always punctual to appointments, attempts to never rely on others for emotional or financial support, and believes in an objective good and evil. Which of the unconscious impulses does George likely follow most closely?
Superego
Ego
Id
None of these
Explanation
In psychoanalytic theory, the superego is the seat of objective internalized ideals and judgments, which provides a reference for comparison to actualized words and deeds in the exterior conscious self. People who follow the superego too closely may develop fixations or neuroses when the world (and they themselves) fail to live up to their extreme expectations.
George is always punctual to appointments, attempts to never rely on others for emotional or financial support, and believes in an objective good and evil. Which of the unconscious impulses does George likely follow most closely?
Superego
Ego
Id
None of these
Explanation
In psychoanalytic theory, the superego is the seat of objective internalized ideals and judgments, which provides a reference for comparison to actualized words and deeds in the exterior conscious self. People who follow the superego too closely may develop fixations or neuroses when the world (and they themselves) fail to live up to their extreme expectations.