AP Psychology › Consciousness
For thousands of years, cultures throughout the world have been able create natural drugs from which of the following classes?
All of these
Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens
None of these
Throughout human history, people have utilized naturally occurring substances to reach altered states of consciousness. These substances range widely among the categorizations that modern Western science has created, including stimulants (e.g. coffee), depressants (e.g. wine), and hallucinogens (e.g. certain mushrooms). Generally, drug addiction and abuse has only become a problem with the advent and manipulation of synthetic drugs, along with social changes and stresses.
For thousands of years, cultures throughout the world have been able create natural drugs from which of the following classes?
All of these
Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens
None of these
Throughout human history, people have utilized naturally occurring substances to reach altered states of consciousness. These substances range widely among the categorizations that modern Western science has created, including stimulants (e.g. coffee), depressants (e.g. wine), and hallucinogens (e.g. certain mushrooms). Generally, drug addiction and abuse has only become a problem with the advent and manipulation of synthetic drugs, along with social changes and stresses.
Which of the following sleep waves consist of low amplitude and high frequency waves, and becomes progressively higher in amplitude and slower in frequency when transitioning between stage 1 and stage 2 sleep?
Theta waves
Beta waves
Delta waves
Alpha waves
All of these
Theta waves are usually connected to emotions, memories, and other activities in the limbic system. These cognitive processes calm when a person is transition from awake to stage 2 of sleep; therefore, the waves will be less frequent and higher in amplitude.
Which of the following sleep waves consist of low amplitude and high frequency waves, and becomes progressively higher in amplitude and slower in frequency when transitioning between stage 1 and stage 2 sleep?
Theta waves
Beta waves
Delta waves
Alpha waves
All of these
Theta waves are usually connected to emotions, memories, and other activities in the limbic system. These cognitive processes calm when a person is transition from awake to stage 2 of sleep; therefore, the waves will be less frequent and higher in amplitude.
What is the term used to describe the idea that dreams are the result of the cerebral cortex interpreting and organizing random flashes of brain activity?
Activation synthesis
Depth perception
Eidetic
Feature detection
Imprinting
This theory of dreaming was first proposed by Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley in 1977. According to the theory of activation synthesis, circuits in the brain are activated during REM sleep. These brain circuits, in turn, help to activate areas of the limbic system. All of this internal activity is synthesized and interpreted by the brain. The signals are then given meaning via dream states.
What is the term used to describe the idea that dreams are the result of the cerebral cortex interpreting and organizing random flashes of brain activity?
Activation synthesis
Depth perception
Eidetic
Feature detection
Imprinting
This theory of dreaming was first proposed by Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley in 1977. According to the theory of activation synthesis, circuits in the brain are activated during REM sleep. These brain circuits, in turn, help to activate areas of the limbic system. All of this internal activity is synthesized and interpreted by the brain. The signals are then given meaning via dream states.
Which of the following best identifies the principal effects of stimulant drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine?
Elation, excitement, increased alertness, increased energy, reduced fatigue
Euphoria, relaxation, anxiety reduction, pain relief
Mild euphoria, relaxation, anxiety reduction, reduced inhibitions
Increased sensory awareness, euphoria, altered perceptions, hallucinations, insightful experiences
Stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines primarily raise the physiological arousal of the body and boost mood resulting in elation, excitement, increased energy and focus, and reduced fatigue. Other drugs, such as barbiturates, alcohol, and hallucinogens have different effects.
Which of the following best identifies the principal effects of stimulant drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine?
Elation, excitement, increased alertness, increased energy, reduced fatigue
Euphoria, relaxation, anxiety reduction, pain relief
Mild euphoria, relaxation, anxiety reduction, reduced inhibitions
Increased sensory awareness, euphoria, altered perceptions, hallucinations, insightful experiences
Stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines primarily raise the physiological arousal of the body and boost mood resulting in elation, excitement, increased energy and focus, and reduced fatigue. Other drugs, such as barbiturates, alcohol, and hallucinogens have different effects.
In which stage of sleep do we typically dream?
REM sleep
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
REM sleep (REM stands for "rapid eye movement") is the stage of sleep in which we dream. As the name suggests, our eyes move rapidly in different directions while in this stage. The other 4 stages of sleep are called "non-REM" sleep.
In which stage of sleep do we typically dream?
REM sleep
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
REM sleep (REM stands for "rapid eye movement") is the stage of sleep in which we dream. As the name suggests, our eyes move rapidly in different directions while in this stage. The other 4 stages of sleep are called "non-REM" sleep.