London, Tokyo, and New York City are the only cities in the world that are considered to be first-tier world cities. This means they are global centers of culture, economics, and politics that have a disproportionately massive influence on the global population. Capital cities and economic centers like Moscow, Brussels, Mumbai, Los Angeles, and many others are considered to be “second-tier world cities.”

London, Tokyo, and New York City are the only cities in the world that are considered to be first-tier world cities. This means they are global centers of culture, economics, and politics that have a disproportionately massive influence on the global population. Capital cities and economic centers like Moscow, Brussels, Mumbai, Los Angeles, and many others are considered to be “second-tier world cities.”

A Multiple-Nuclei Model city is a city that does not have one central area, but instead has several nodes that act as regional centers for economic or residential activity within one larger city. Los Angeles, with its many distinct neighborhoods, is a prototypical example of this type of city.

A Multiple-Nuclei Model city is a city that does not have one central area, but instead has several nodes that act as regional centers for economic or residential activity within one larger city. Los Angeles, with its many distinct neighborhoods, is a prototypical example of this type of city.

The outermost zone of the concentric zone model is the commuter zone, which includes the suburbs. These are the people who live furthest away from the central business district and therefore have to commute the greatest distance to work.

The outermost zone of the concentric zone model is the commuter zone, which includes the suburbs. These are the people who live furthest away from the central business district and therefore have to commute the greatest distance to work.

A city that is described as a Concentric Zone Model city will have a central business district which is surrounded by a series of rings with varying levels of development. Generally the closest ring will be for low quality housing and the furthest ring will be for suburban housing.

A city that is described as a Concentric Zone Model city will have a central business district which is surrounded by a series of rings with varying levels of development. Generally the closest ring will be for low quality housing and the furthest ring will be for suburban housing.

The outermost ring of the Concentric Zone Model is commuter-residential and consists mainly of low-density, estate-style housing, usually comprised of high-income professionals. Urban overcrowding is typically unappealing to people, so property values for low-density and spacious estates will be at a higher premium than higher-density urban properties.

The outermost ring of the Concentric Zone Model is commuter-residential and consists mainly of low-density, estate-style housing, usually comprised of high-income professionals. Urban overcrowding is typically unappealing to people, so property values for low-density and spacious estates will be at a higher premium than higher-density urban properties.