Natural Earth Processes

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4th Grade Science › Natural Earth Processes

Questions 1 - 10
1

Which answer choices are examples of natural hazards that can harm communities?

Earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions

Deforestation, pollution, earthquakes, and floods

Earthquakes, pesticides, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions

Earthquakes, famine, war, and volcanic eruptions

Explanation

Natural hazards are events that are not human-made and harm communities. The events have to be naturally occurring and not influenced by humans. Earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions are all examples of events that are generated by nature, and there are no influences by humans.

2

The state of Hawaii wants to invest money in protecting residents and communities from volcanoes. Which solution would be the most beneficial to residents and reduce the impact of a volcanic eruption?

Improved monitoring systems

Better cameras to film the eruptions

Build fencing around the volcano

Research how volcanoes can trigger tsunamis

Explanation

Volcanoes are a deadly natural hazard and can be unpredictable. If a volcano erupts, having better footage of the lava, smoke, and ash will do nothing at the moment to protect residents or their property. Lava would run right through, and under a fence, so it would not protect anyone from the volcano. Understanding the aftermath of a volcanic eruption is very important, but it does not address the issues with the explosion itself. Improving the monitoring systems would give people more time to evacuate or prepare, find a safe place, and would let scientists know the signs to look for future eruptions.

3

Which answer choices are examples of natural hazards that can harm communities?

Earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions

Deforestation, pollution, earthquakes, and floods

Earthquakes, pesticides, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions

Earthquakes, famine, war, and volcanic eruptions

Explanation

Natural hazards are events that are not human-made and harm communities. The events have to be naturally occurring and not influenced by humans. Earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions are all examples of events that are generated by nature, and there are no influences by humans.

4

A community in Japan is worried about the effects of tsunamis and typhoons. Which idea would NOT reduce the impacts of the storms?

Build structures that can withstand the storms

Design an early warning system

New construction that is closer to the water

Plant trees and other vegetation near the water's edge

Explanation

Many communities face similar problems with different types of severe natural hazards: hurricanes, volcanoes, and earthquakes. To keep the community safe and help the residents make positive changes, new safety ideas and measures need to be taken to strengthen the structures and land. Adding new construction that is closer to the water would NOT help reduce the impact of storms, but could increase damage to the buildings. Floodwaters rise and swell near the shore, so moving houses, further inland would be a better idea.

5

The state of Hawaii wants to invest money in protecting residents and communities from volcanoes. Which solution would be the most beneficial to residents and reduce the impact of a volcanic eruption?

Improved monitoring systems

Better cameras to film the eruptions

Build fencing around the volcano

Research how volcanoes can trigger tsunamis

Explanation

Volcanoes are a deadly natural hazard and can be unpredictable. If a volcano erupts, having better footage of the lava, smoke, and ash will do nothing at the moment to protect residents or their property. Lava would run right through, and under a fence, so it would not protect anyone from the volcano. Understanding the aftermath of a volcanic eruption is very important, but it does not address the issues with the explosion itself. Improving the monitoring systems would give people more time to evacuate or prepare, find a safe place, and would let scientists know the signs to look for future eruptions.

6

Which solution to reduce the impacts of an earthquake would be beneficial to the LEAST amount of people?

Provide safety features in homes costing over $1 million

Evacuate all citizens over 80 years old

Improvements to brand new homes

All of the answer choices are correct

Explanation

All of these solutions would mitigate the effect of an earthquake on residents in areas that are prone to natural disasters. But, they would NOT be beneficial to a large population. Creating building codes that require all new construction and existing buildings to be built to a high safety standard will help save lives and reduce damage. These building codes have regulations that companies must follow to ensure they are stable and safe. The safety features should not just be in new homes or homes that cost over $1 million; this eliminates those who are living in less expensive homes or homes that were built previously. Only evacuating people over 80 years of age also narrows down the group of people receiving help drastically and leaves out a large piece of the population. None of these choices would be the best option to help large groups of people.

7

Which solution to reduce the impacts of an earthquake would be beneficial to the LEAST amount of people?

Provide safety features in homes costing over $1 million

Evacuate all citizens over 80 years old

Improvements to brand new homes

All of the answer choices are correct

Explanation

All of these solutions would mitigate the effect of an earthquake on residents in areas that are prone to natural disasters. But, they would NOT be beneficial to a large population. Creating building codes that require all new construction and existing buildings to be built to a high safety standard will help save lives and reduce damage. These building codes have regulations that companies must follow to ensure they are stable and safe. The safety features should not just be in new homes or homes that cost over $1 million; this eliminates those who are living in less expensive homes or homes that were built previously. Only evacuating people over 80 years of age also narrows down the group of people receiving help drastically and leaves out a large piece of the population. None of these choices would be the best option to help large groups of people.

8

A community in Japan is worried about the effects of tsunamis and typhoons. Which idea would NOT reduce the impacts of the storms?

Build structures that can withstand the storms

Design an early warning system

New construction that is closer to the water

Plant trees and other vegetation near the water's edge

Explanation

Many communities face similar problems with different types of severe natural hazards: hurricanes, volcanoes, and earthquakes. To keep the community safe and help the residents make positive changes, new safety ideas and measures need to be taken to strengthen the structures and land. Adding new construction that is closer to the water would NOT help reduce the impact of storms, but could increase damage to the buildings. Floodwaters rise and swell near the shore, so moving houses, further inland would be a better idea.

9

Tsunamis are severe oceanic storms that cause extreme devastation. They are a series of waves that can be miles long, up to 100 feet high, and can travel at 400 miles per hour. They are caused by significant and sudden disturbances of the sea’s surface. Volcanic eruptions, landslides, earthquakes can trigger a tsunami. A massive wall of water will wash ashore, and there is very little time or warning for those who live in the communities nearby. The series of waves can last for hours, and massive flooding adds to the problem. If you find yourself in a tsunami, get to high ground, keep calm, do not drive, and follow instructions from local officials.

True or False: Based on the information in the passage above, there are very few negative impacts on humans due to natural events.

True

False

Explanation

The passage provided illuminates many adverse effects or possible effects on humans due to Earth's natural processes. Massive flooding, series of waves that last for hours, waves traveling at immense speeds, and heights are all examples of natural processes that can devastate communities and the lives of the citizens.

10

The state of Hawaii wants to invest money in protecting residents and communities from volcanoes. Which solution would be the LEAST beneficial to residents and reduce the impact of a volcanic eruption?

Build a fence to stop the lava

Improve monitoring systems

Create a warning device or siren to alert residents of an eruption

Build new construction further from volcanoes

Explanation

Volcanoes are a deadly natural hazard and can be unpredictable. Improving the monitoring systems would give people more time to evacuate or prepare, find a safe place, and would let scientists know the signs to look for future eruptions. A warning device or siren would give advanced notice to residents so they would be aware of the eruption before or as soon as it happens rather than it being too late. Building further away from volcanoes would be a smart investment for future construction, so there is a reduced chance of damage to the new buildings. Lava would run right through, and under a fence, so it would not protect anyone from the volcano. Building a fence would be the least beneficial investment.

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